Blood Flashcards
What are the two components of blood?
Plasma and Formed elements (Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets)
What is it called when someone has low, normal, or high blood volume?
Hypovolemic (low)
Normovelemic (normal)
Hypervolemic (high)
What is plasma made up of?
92% water
7% proteins
1% other substances
What is the most common cell type found in the blood?
RBC are 99.9% of blood cells where as WBC and platelets are both less than .1%
What’s the most and least common type of white blood cell?
Neutrophils are the most common and basophils are the least common
What is the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Oxygen is higher in plasma than in interstitial fluid so oxygen diffuses into tissues and vice versa with carbon dioxide
Plasma consists of dissolved proteins and interstitial fluid doesn’t
What are the three major classes of protein in the blood
60% Albumin (contributes to osmotic pressure)
35% Globulins (act as antibodies and transport proteins)
4% Fibrinogen (involved in blood clotting, largest of the proteins)
What is hematocrit?
The percent of whole blood occupied by former elements
What is hematocrit also called?
PVC (Packed cell volume)
VPRC (Volume of packed red cells)
What is the shape of a RBC?
Biconcave disks
How long do RBC lasts?
They live about 120 days
Why is it important that RBCs don’t have nucleus or mitochondria?
No nucleus means that the RBC is able to be flexible as it travels through the circulatory system
It allows more room for hemoglobin
No mitochondria is important because it would use the oxygen to “power” the cell
How many polypeptide subunits make up hemoglobin?
Four
What is contained within a each hemoglobin subunit?
A molecule of heme
How are blood types determined?
Blood types are determined by antigens on the surface of erythrocytes
What are antigens also called? What are the major types?
Agglutinogens (A&B)
What is the rule with blood type and plasma?
People with type A blood will have the A agglutinogen in their blood and the opposite type of agglutinin in their plasma (So b in this case)
What are the two major classes of leukocytes?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
How many RBC are there for every WBC?
About 1000:1
What percentage of blood is formed elements?
About 45%
What is it called when blood cells stack up like coins?
Rouleaux
What is it called when an antigen binds to an antinogen?
It’s called agglutination
What is the difference between glanulocytes and aglandulicytes
Glanulocytes all have small granules that appear when stained
What can be used to gather a total WBC count?
Hemocytometer
What is a low amount of WBC called?
Leukopenia
What is an elevated amount of WBC called?
Leukocytosis
What is diapedesis?
It allows the WBC to exit the bloodstream
What is chemotaxis?
It draws leukocytes toward the invading agent
What is the process of making blood called?
Hemopoiesis
What is the name of the beginner stem cell?
The pluripotential stem cells
What are the two types of cells made from a pluripotential stem cell?
The myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells
What is it called when there is a stoppage of bleeding (not blood clots but ….)
Hemostasis
