Blood

Question 1

What are the two components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma and Formed elements (Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets)

Question 2

What is it called when someone has low, normal, or high blood volume?

Answer 2

Hypovolemic (low)
Normovelemic (normal)
Hypervolemic (high)

Question 3

What is plasma made up of?

Answer 3

92% water
7% proteins
1% other substances

Question 4

What is the most common cell type found in the blood?

Answer 4

RBC are 99.9% of blood cells where as WBC and platelets are both less than .1%

Question 5

What’s the most and least common type of white blood cell?

Answer 5

Neutrophils are the most common and basophils are the least common

Question 6

What is the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Answer 6

Oxygen is higher in plasma than in interstitial fluid so oxygen diffuses into tissues and vice versa with carbon dioxide
Plasma consists of dissolved proteins and interstitial fluid doesn’t

Question 7

What are the three major classes of protein in the blood

Answer 7

60% Albumin (contributes to osmotic pressure)
35% Globulins (act as antibodies and transport proteins)
4% Fibrinogen (involved in blood clotting, largest of the proteins)

Question 8

What is hematocrit?

Answer 8

The percent of whole blood occupied by former elements

Question 9

What is hematocrit also called?

Answer 9

PVC (Packed cell volume)
VPRC (Volume of packed red cells)

Question 10

What is the shape of a RBC?

Answer 10

Biconcave disks

Question 11

How long do RBC lasts?

Answer 11

They live about 120 days

Question 12

Why is it important that RBCs don’t have nucleus or mitochondria?

Answer 12

No nucleus means that the RBC is able to be flexible as it travels through the circulatory system
It allows more room for hemoglobin
No mitochondria is important because it would use the oxygen to “power” the cell

Question 13

How many polypeptide subunits make up hemoglobin?

Answer 13

Four

Question 14

What is contained within a each hemoglobin subunit?

Answer 14

A molecule of heme

Question 15

How are blood types determined?

Answer 15

Blood types are determined by antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

Question 16

What are antigens also called? What are the major types?

Answer 16

Agglutinogens (A&B)

Question 17

What is the rule with blood type and plasma?

Answer 17

People with type A blood will have the A agglutinogen in their blood and the opposite type of agglutinin in their plasma (So b in this case)

Question 18

What are the two major classes of leukocytes?

Answer 18

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

Question 19

How many RBC are there for every WBC?

Answer 19

About 1000:1

Question 20

What percentage of blood is formed elements?

Answer 20

About 45%

Question 21

What is it called when blood cells stack up like coins?

Answer 21

Rouleaux

Question 22

What is it called when an antigen binds to an antinogen?

Answer 22

It’s called agglutination

Question 23

What is the difference between glanulocytes and aglandulicytes

Answer 23

Glanulocytes all have small granules that appear when stained

Question 24

What can be used to gather a total WBC count?

Answer 24

Hemocytometer

Question 25

What is a low amount of WBC called?

Answer 25

Leukopenia

Question 26

What is an elevated amount of WBC called?

Answer 26

Leukocytosis

Question 27

What is diapedesis?

Answer 27

It allows the WBC to exit the bloodstream

Question 28

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 28

It draws leukocytes toward the invading agent

Question 29

What is the process of making blood called?

Answer 29

Hemopoiesis

Question 30

What is the name of the beginner stem cell?

Answer 30

The pluripotential stem cells

Question 31

What are the two types of cells made from a pluripotential stem cell?

Answer 31

The myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

Question 32

What is it called when there is a stoppage of bleeding (not blood clots but ….)

Answer 32

Hemostasis