Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are some facts about the heart?
It’s about the size of a fist
It pumps about 1.5 million gallons of blood a year
It pumps about 5 to 30 liters of blood a min
It beats around 100,000 times a day
How many chambers does the heart have?
4 (two atria [upper] and two ventricles [lower]
What are the two circuits of the heart? What sides of the heart do they reside on?
Pulmonary circuit (Heart > Lung) (Right side)
Systemic circuit (Heart > Rest of body) (Left side)
What two membranes lines the pericardial cavity? What do they form together?
The visceral (aka epicardium) and parietal pericardium
They also come together to form pericardial sac filled with pericardial fluid
What are the three layers of the heart?
The epicardium, myocardium (cardiac muscle cells = cardiocytes), and endocardium
What are characteristics of Cardiocytes?
The contract without info from the CNS, they are connected by intercalated disks, they have extensive circulatory supply
What are intercalated disks?
They are specialized cell-to-cell junctions which allow sarcomeres to contract as one functional unit (functional syncytium) they cause autorhythmicity
What are the sulcus that can help identify the chambers of the heart
Interatrial sulcus - separates left and right atria
Coronary sulcus - separates atria and ventricles
Anterior and posterior inter ventricular sulcus - separates left and right ventricles
What is distinct about the left and right atria?
The have thin walls and expandable extensions called auricles
What is the “timeline” of DEOXYGENATED blood?
Blood is collected from the body from ,the largest veins in the body, the Superior and Inferior vena cava
Then the blood is collected in the right atrium
Then the blood travels through the Triscupid valve into the right ventricle
Then the blood travels through the pulmonary valve into the right and left pulmonary Arteries to be oxygenated
What is the “timeline” of OXYGENATED blood?
The blood returns from the lungs via the left and right pulmonic veins and goes into the left atrium
The blood then passes the biscupid valve (microvalve) into the left ventricle
Finally the blood travels through the Aortic valve and the Aorta to renter the bloodstream and return to the rest of the body
What is the fossa ovalis? Where is it located?
The fossa ovalis is a fetal remanant of the foramen ovale and is located in the right atrium
What is connected to the tri and biscupid valves?
Papillary muscles and cordae tendineae
What direction does the heart point? What is the tip of the heart called?
The APEX of the heart points and tilts left
What are the major coronary blood vessles and what do they do?
The major coronary blood vessels that supply the heart with blood are the left and right coronary arteries and the cardiac veins
What are the major branches of the left coronary arteries?
The circumflex a. and the anterior inter ventricular a.
Where do all minor veins of the heart drain into?
The great cardiac vein which drains into the coronary sinus
What is relaxtion and contraction of the heart called?
Relaxation = Diastole (when the chambers fill with blood)
Contraction = systole (when the blood is ejected into ventricles then into the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
What are the two major parts of the internal conduction system of the heart?
The Sinoatrial node (SA node)
And the Atrioventricular node (AV node)
What are some facts about the SA node?
It’s the cardiac pacemaker
It’s located in the posterior wall of the right atrium
It determines the rate of heart contractions
It’s impulse travels to the AV node
What are some facts about the AV node?
It sits on the floor of the right atrium
It’s impulse travels to the bundle of His along purkinje fibers to the ventricular myocardium
What is bradycardia?
Slow heart rate
What is Tachycardia?
Rapid heart rate
What are the three protruding pieces of the Aorta?
The Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What is the ligament that connects the aorta and the pulmonary trunk?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What are popular disorders of blood vessels?
Hypertension(High blood pressure)
(silent killer)
Atherosclerosis- Plaque/thrombus-sits, embolus-moves
Stroke (No blood flow, parts of brain die)
Heart attack (Part of heart dies)
Aneurysm (ballooning of blood vessels)
