Senses Flashcards
What are the general senses?
Temperature, Pain, Touch, Pressure, Vibration, and Peoprioception
What are the special senses?
Olfaction (smell), Gustation (taste), balance, hearing, and vision
(All use cranial nerves to send info to brain)
What are the simplest type of receptors?
Free nerve endings
What are facts about receptors?
Very specific (only respond to 1 stimulus, Ex. Eyes can see but not hear)
Are transducers (Turn stimuli into neuron impulses)
Have “Receptive fields” (Specific area that 1 receptor monitors)
What are tonic receptors?
They are always active “like a video camera”
What are Phasic receptors?
They become active when a change occurs “like a motion detector”
What is adaptation?
Reduced sensitivity due to a constant stimulus
What are the three types of General sense receptors?
Extroceptors (Monitor external environment)
Proprioceptors (Monitor position of the body)
Interoceptors (Monitor internal position)
What are some extra general receptors
Nociceptors (Pain)
Thermoreceptors (Temperature)
Mechanoreceptors (Activated by physical distortion)
Chemoreceptors (Monitor chemical composition of body fluids)
Where are all special senses sent to first? What’s the exception?
They are all sent to the thalamus first besides olfaction
What are the six basic tastes?
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami, Water
What is the structure of a tongue?
Gustatory cells make up taste buds
Taste buds make up papillae
Papillae make up the tongue
(Gustatory cells have microvilli the extend through the taste pore)
What are tastes buds?
Onion shaped organs made up of taste receptors
What three cells make up a taste bud?
Gustatory cells (receptor cells detect tastants) (Only live 7-9 days)
Supporting cells (Sustain gustatory cells)
Basal cells (neural stem cells that replace gustatory cells)
What are the three anatomical regions of the ear?
External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
What makes up the External ear?
Auricle
Lobule
Pinna
External acoustic meatus (The canal)
Tympanic membrane (Eardrum)
Ceruminous glands
What makes up the Middle ear?
Tympanic cavity (Filled with air)
3 Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
Auditory/pharyngotymphanic tube
What makes up the inner ear?
Receptors (all hair cells)
Membranous labyrinth (Inside bony labyrinth)
Bony labyrinth
Vestibule
3 Semicircle canals
Cochlea
Utricle
Saccule
What are the major parts of the Vestibular complex?
Semicircular canals
Cristae ampullaris (Gather info from head rotation) (base of the semicircular canals)
Macular (Sensation from head tilting) (inside the vestibule)
What makes up the Cochlea?
It is made up of “Snail shaped” spirals
It has sensory neurons which are associated with CNVIII
It has an Organ of Corti
What pulls the hair when your head is tilted?
The otolith moves the hair
What are the three chambers of the Cochlea?
Scala vestibuli: Filled with perilymph
Scala media (cochlear duct): filled with endolymph and contains the organ of corti
Scala tympani (tympanic duct): filled with perilymph
