Urinary - Fluid, Electrolyte And Acid-base Balance

Question 1

Blood composition depends on what three factors?

Answer 1

1. Diet
2. Urine output
3. Cellular metabolism

Question 2

What are the kidneys four main goals to maintain blood composition?

Answer 2

1. Ensure proper pH
2. Maintain electrolyte balance in blood
3. Excretion of nitrogenous waste
4. Maintain water balance in blood

Question 3

Normal amount of water in adult males and females?

Answer 3

Females - 50%
Males - 60%

Question 4

Amount of water in elderly and babies?

Answer 4

Babies - 75%
Elderly - 45%

Question 5

Why do obese people have less water than normal BMI people?

Answer 5

Adipose tissue contains less water and obese people have more have that

Question 6

What is the link between water and salt?

Answer 6

Changes in electrolyte balance (which contains sodium) causes water to move from one compartment to another - hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

Question 7

How can we maintain water balance?

Answer 7

Water intake must be equal to water output

Question 8

What are sources for water intake?

Answer 8

• Ingested foods and fluids
• water produced from metabolic processes

Question 9

What promotes the thirst mechanism? Two ways

Answer 9

• Dry mouth due to decreased saliva
• osmoreceptors

Question 10

Where are osmoreceptors found? How do they work?

Answer 10

• Found in the hypothalamus
• react to changes in the blood composition (trigger ADH release)

Question 11

How do we absorb minerals?

Answer 11

Across lining of small intestine and colon

Question 12

How do we excrete minerals?

Answer 12

Primarily at kidneys, with a bit of loss at sweat glands

Question 13

How do we stay in mineral balance?

Answer 13

Daily intake has to be average to the amount lost each day to stay in mineral balance