Respiratory - Pulmonary Ventilation Flashcards
What are the two phases of breathing? Muscles for each?
Inspiration (inhalation)
Expiration (exhalation)
What occurs during inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing size of thoracic cavity
Causes external air to be pulled in by lungs
What occurs during expiration?
Passive process which depends on lungs elasticity (as muscle relax, air is pushed out)
What are non respiratory movements?
Involved in movement of air (from into and out of lungs) but not directly related to process of breathing
Example of non respiratory air movements?
- cough
- sneeze
- crying
- laughing
- hiccups
- yawn
What does respiratory capacity mean?
Different volumes of air lungs can hold during various phases of breathing cycle
What effects ones respiratory capacity?
- person’s size
- sex
- physical condition
- age
What is tidal volume (TV)? Average for male?
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breath
500 mL
What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)? Average for male?
Amount of air that can be inhaled during a deep breath in addition to the tidal volume
2100-3200 mL
What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? Average?
The amount of air that can be exhaled in addition to the tidal volume
1200 mL
What us residual volume (RV)? Average for male?
Amount of air remaining in lungs after maximal exhalation (cannot be exhaled because necessary to maintain patency of small airways)
1200 mL
What is vital capacity (VC)? What is the equation?
Maximum air exhaled after a maximum inhalation
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
What is total lung capacity (TLC)? What is the equation?
Maximum air the lungs can hold
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
What is dead space volume? of the 500 mL tidal volume?
Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli
150 mL
What is functional volume? Of the 500 mL tidal volume?
Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone
350 mL
