Urinary - Acid-base Balance

Question 1

pH of blood? When does it become alkalosis and acidosis?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Alkalosis - above 7.45
Acidosis - below 7.35

Question 2

What do hydrogen ions do when pH drops or rises?

Answer 2

Drops = removes excess H+ ions to stabilize pH because there is a higher concentration of H+ ions
Rises = produces more H+ ions because there is a lower concentration of H+ ions

Question 3

What are the three major chemical buffers?

Answer 3

1. Bicarbonate buffer system (extracellular)
2. Phosphate buffer system (Intracellular)
3. Protein buffer system

Question 4

What do buffer systems do?

Answer 4

Help maintain stable pH balance

Question 5

What are the three protein buffer systems?

Answer 5

• Hemoglobin buffer system (only RBCs)
• amino acid buffers (all proteins)
• plasma protein buffers

Question 6

How does the protein buffers work?

Answer 6

Amino acids respond to pH changes by accepting or releasing H+

pH rises = release H+
pH drops = proteins accept H+

Question 7

How does hemoglobin buffer system work?

Answer 7

pH drops = Hemoglobin binds to H+ to produce carbonic acid to help buffer blood. Hemoglobin binds to CO2 to transport CO2 and help maintain pH
pH rises = Hemoglobin releases H+ to produce

Question 8

How does bicarbonate buffer system work?

Answer 8

pH drops = bicarbonate binds w excess H+ ions to form carbonic acid which then converts to CO2 and H20 and exhaled
pH rises = carbonic acid releases H+ ions to lower pH

Question 9

How does respiratory rate change when it comes to CO2 and pH?

Answer 9

Retaining CO2 = decreasing blood pH
Removing CO2 = increasing blood pH

Question 10

What happens when blood pH rises?

Answer 10

• Bicarbonate ions are excreted
• hydrogen ions are retained

Question 11

What happens when blood pH falls?

Answer 11

• bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed
• hydrogen ions are secreted