Blood - Blood Groups Flashcards
What is a antigen in context to a RBC?
On the surface of RBCs. If a foreign substance enters the body, it will stimulate the immune system to release antibodies to defend body against the antigen
How are there different blood types?
Each RBC has a genetically determined protein called antigen
Group types?
A, B, AB, O
What makes O a universal donor?
Can donate to anyone with blood type A, B, AB and O
This is because type O RBCs do not have any A or B antigens on the surface
What makes AB a universal recipient?
Can receive A, B, O or AB RBCs
What is Rh antigens?
Specific proteins also found on red blood cells surface
Rh+ and Rh- difference?
Rh+ : carry Rh antigen (most prevalent)
Rh- : do not carry Rh antigen
Problems occur when mixing the two
What are cross reactions? What is it mainly caused by?
Occurs when antigens of one blood type are exposed to antibodies from another blood type
Mainly caused by blood transfusions
What happens if there’s a cross reaction?
Cells may rupture (hemolysis) or/and response is agglutination or clumping together (block blood vessel)
