Unit 9 (Modules 48-50) Flashcards
Attachment, Parenting Styles, Gender/Sex roles
The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age is called what?
Module 47
stranger anxiety
What can be classified as an emotional tie another; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation?
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attachment
What experiment did Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow perform that was so famous?
Module 48
[the] Harlow monkey experiment
(Harry Harlow on Attachment)
What was concluded with the Harlow monkey’s experiment?
Module 48
Human babies need tactile stimulation and nurturance
(was an experiment on attachment)
An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development is called what?
Module 48
critical period
The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life can be classified as what?
Module 48
imprinting
What psychologist was responsible for the Strange Situation experiment?
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Mary Ainsworth
What was the name of the following experiment?:
A procedure for studying child-caregiver attatchment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed
Module 48
strange situation
What attachment can be demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregivers return?
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secure attachment
What attachment can be demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant that resists closeness?
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insecure attachment
What can be described as a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity?
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temperament
What psychologist believed that securely attached children approach life with a sense of basic trust?
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Erik Erikson
According to Erik Erikson, what can be described as a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers?
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basic trust
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question, “who am I”, is caused by our what?
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self-concept
Which one out of the four different kinds of parent styles can be described as coercive and having no communication between the child and parent/guardain (tons of rules with no communication)?
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authoritarian
Which one out of the four different kinds of parenting styles can be described as a free for all between the child and parent/guardian (no rules)?
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permissive
Which one out of the four different kinds of parenting styles can be described as uninvolved between the child and parent/guardian (neglectful)?
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negligent
Which one out of the four different kinds of parenting styles can be described as confrontive but with open communication between the child and parent/guardian (rules with communication)?
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authoritative
In psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female can be classified as what?
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sex
In psychology, the socially influence characteristics by which people define as boy, girl, man and woman is classifed as what?
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gender
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally can be defined as what?
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aggression
What can be classified as an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing?
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relational aggression
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position, ought to behave is caused by what?
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role
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males and for females is caused by what?
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gender role
Our sense of being male, female or some combination of the two is caused by what?
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gender identity
What theory focuses on the idea that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished?
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social learning theory
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role can be defined as what?
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gender typing
When someone is displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics, they could be classified as someone who has..?
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androgyny
What umbrella term is involved in describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex?
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transgender
