Unit 8 (Modules 41-44)

Question 1

What can be described as the response experienced by the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experiences?

Module 41

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

What three things make up emotion?

Module 41

Answer 2

• physiological/bodily arousal (heart pounding)
• expressive behaviors (quickened pace)
• conscious experience and feelings

Question 3

What theory suggests that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus?

Module 41

Answer 3

[the] james-lange theory

Question 4

What historical emotion theory would described the following?:

Stimulus -> physiological arousal -> emotional experience

Module 41

Answer 4

[the] james-lange theory

Question 5

The following would be an example of what historical emotion theory?:

noise -> heart pounds -> fear

Module 41

Answer 5

[the] james-lange theory

Question 6

Who came up with the original idea or concept for the historical emotion theory, James-Lange?

Module 41

Answer 6

william james

Question 7

Who, later, officially proposed the historical emotion theory, James-Lange?

(NOT the person who originally came up with the idea)

Module 41

Answer 7

carl lange

Question 8

What historical emotion theory states that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously (happens at the same time) triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion?

Module 41

Answer 8

[the] cannon-bard theory

Question 9

What is the weak point in James-Lange theory?

Module 41

Answer 9

relies on idea that every emotion is accompanied by a unique pattern physiological wise, when in reality, that does not happen

Question 10

In the Cannon-Bard theory, what two things occur simultaneously together/at the same time?

Module 41

Answer 10

• the physiological responses
• the subjective experience of emotion

Question 11

Who two psychologists proposed the Cannon-Bard theory?

Module 41

Answer 11

• Walter Cannon
• Philip Bard

Question 12

What was the weak point in the Cannon-Bard theory?

Module 41

Answer 12

does not factor in new situations where we may be unclear as to what we feel

Question 13

What Schachter-Singer theory proposes that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal (cognitive appraisal/interpretation)?

Module 41

Answer 13

[the] two-factor theory

Question 14

In the Two-factor theory by Schachter & Singer, what are the two things that must happen in order for one to experience emotion?

Module 41

Answer 14

• be physically aroused
• cognitively label the arousal (cognitive appraisal/interpretation)

Question 15

Which two psychologists proposed the Two-factor theory?

Module 41

Answer 15

• stanley schachter
• jerome singer

Question 16

What two psychologists injected subjects with epinephrine and placed them in rooms with a euphoric or irritated
confederate?

Module 41

Answer 16

• stanley schachter
• jerome singer

Question 17

What was the weak point in the Two-factor theory (Schachter-Singer)?

Module 41

Answer 17

sometimes we immediately just feel emotions, we do not think

Question 18

What psychologist believed that we have emotional reactions before we interpretate the situation fully (arousal)?

Module 41

Answer 18

robert zajonc

Question 19

What psychologist believed that there is a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex (eye->ear->thalamus->amydala) and enables an emotional response before our intellect intervenes?

Module 41

Answer 19

joseph ledoux

Question 20

What two psychologists believed that emotional responses involve no conscious thinking?

Module 41

Answer 20

• robert zajonc
• joseph ledoux

Question 21

It was found out that the amydala sends more neural projections up to the cortex then it receives back (feelings over intellect), this evidence supports what two psychologists and their historical emotion perspectives?

Module 41

Answer 21

• robert zajonc
• joseph ledoux

Question 22

Who proposed the idea that our brain processes vast amounts of information without our conscious awareness and that some emotional responses do not require conscious thinking?

Module 41

Answer 22

richard lazarus

Question 23

Who believed that cognitive appraisal comes before physiological and emotional arousal (which those two happen at the same time)? (physiological arousal a lot of the time does not occur)

Module 41

Answer 23

richard lazarus

Question 24

What was the weak point in Richard Lazarus’ perspective/theory on emotion?

Module 41

Answer 24

does not factor in new situations where we may be unclear as to what we feel

Question 25

What two psychologists believed that some emotions are automatic, like fear, anger, and surprise with no cognitive appraisal? ## Footnote Module 41

Answer 25

* robert zajonc * joseph ledoux

Question 26

What two psychologists believed that we have to have cognitive appraisal to experience an emotional reaction? ## Footnote Module 41

Answer 26

* stanley schachter * jerome singer

Question 27

What kind of machine is used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the psyiological response (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion? ## Footnote Module 41

Answer 27

polygraph

Question 28

# What term defines the following?: the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness ## Footnote Module 42

Answer 28

facial feedback effect

Question 29

# What term defines the following?: the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions ## Footnote Module 42

Answer 29

behavior feedback effect

Question 30

Emotional release, such as the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges, can be defined as what? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 30

catharsis

Question 31

# What term can describe the following?: The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 31

stress

Question 32

How we appraise an event influences how much stress we experience and how effectively we respond, this is called what? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 32

stress appraisal

Question 33

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion(Short term cope, long term damage) is called what? ## Footnote Module 43-44

Answer 33

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 34

# What response influences the following?: * Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend). * Men, more than women, tend to withdraw socially, turn to alcohol, and become emotionally insensitive. ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 34

tend-and-befriend response

Question 35

Under the tend-and-befriend response, women often do what? (2) | (2) = 2 responses/answers ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 35

* support others (tend) * bond with & seek support from others (befriend)

Question 36

Under the tend-and-befriend response, men are more likely to do what (more than women)? (3) | (3) = 3 responses/answers ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 36

* tend to withdraw socially * turn to alcohol * become emotionally insensitive

Question 37

What term can describe the subfield of Psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 37

health psychology

Question 38

What is the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health called? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 38

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 39

What kind of disease helps with clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle and is the leading cause of death in many developed countries? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 39

coronary heart disease

Question 40

What is Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger - prone people? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 40

type a

Question 41

What is Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 41

type b

Question 42

What kind of people expect things to go badly, to have little control over outcomes? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 42

pessimists

Question 43

What kind of people expect to have more control, deal better with stress, and be healthier? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 43

optimists

Question 44

What kind of support can help with feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family, promotes both happiness and health? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 44

social support

Question 45

What phenomenon increases people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 45

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Question 46

What kind of psychology includes scientific methods to study human flourishing? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 46

positive psychology

Question 47

What can be described as our self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 47

subjective well-being

Question 48

What phenomenon causes our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 48

adaptation-level phenomenon

Question 49

What defines our perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself? ## Footnote Modules 43-44

Answer 49

relative deprivation

Question 50

What historical emotion psychologist believed that physiological arousal does not have to happen to experience cognitive appraisal and emotion? ## Footnote Modules 41-42

Answer 50

lazarus