Unit 8 (Modules 41-44) Flashcards
emotions vs physiological arousal theories
What can be described as the response experienced by the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experiences?
Module 41
emotion
What three things make up emotion?
Module 41
- physiological/bodily arousal (heart pounding)
- expressive behaviors (quickened pace)
- conscious experience and feelings
What theory suggests that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus?
Module 41
[the] james-lange theory
What historical emotion theory would described the following?:
Stimulus -> physiological arousal -> emotional experience
Module 41
[the] james-lange theory
The following would be an example of what historical emotion theory?:
noise -> heart pounds -> fear
Module 41
[the] james-lange theory
Who came up with the original idea or concept for the historical emotion theory, James-Lange?
Module 41
william james
Who, later, officially proposed the historical emotion theory, James-Lange?
(NOT the person who originally came up with the idea)
Module 41
carl lange
What historical emotion theory states that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously (happens at the same time) triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion?
Module 41
[the] cannon-bard theory
What is the weak point in James-Lange theory?
Module 41
relies on idea that every emotion is accompanied by a unique pattern physiological wise, when in reality, that does not happen
In the Cannon-Bard theory, what two things occur simultaneously together/at the same time?
Module 41
- the physiological responses
- the subjective experience of emotion
Who two psychologists proposed the Cannon-Bard theory?
Module 41
- Walter Cannon
- Philip Bard
What was the weak point in the Cannon-Bard theory?
Module 41
does not factor in new situations where we may be unclear as to what we feel
What Schachter-Singer theory proposes that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal (cognitive appraisal/interpretation)?
Module 41
[the] two-factor theory
In the Two-factor theory by Schachter & Singer, what are the two things that must happen in order for one to experience emotion?
Module 41
- be physically aroused
- cognitively label the arousal (cognitive appraisal/interpretation)
Which two psychologists proposed the Two-factor theory?
Module 41
- stanley schachter
- jerome singer
What two psychologists injected subjects with epinephrine and placed them in rooms with a euphoric or irritated
confederate?
Module 41
- stanley schachter
- jerome singer
What was the weak point in the Two-factor theory (Schachter-Singer)?
Module 41
sometimes we immediately just feel emotions, we do not think
What psychologist believed that we have emotional reactions before we interpretate the situation fully (arousal)?
Module 41
robert zajonc
What psychologist believed that there is a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex (eye->ear->thalamus->amydala) and enables an emotional response before our intellect intervenes?
Module 41
joseph ledoux
What two psychologists believed that emotional responses involve no conscious thinking?
Module 41
- robert zajonc
- joseph ledoux
It was found out that the amydala sends more neural projections up to the cortex then it receives back (feelings over intellect), this evidence supports what two psychologists and their historical emotion perspectives?
Module 41
- robert zajonc
- joseph ledoux
Who proposed the idea that our brain processes vast amounts of information without our conscious awareness and that some emotional responses do not require conscious thinking?
Module 41
richard lazarus
Who believed that cognitive appraisal comes before physiological and emotional arousal (which those two happen at the same time)? (physiological arousal a lot of the time does not occur)
Module 41
richard lazarus
What was the weak point in Richard Lazarus’ perspective/theory on emotion?
Module 41
does not factor in new situations where we may be unclear as to what we feel
What two psychologists believed that some emotions are automatic, like fear, anger, and surprise with no cognitive appraisal?
Module 41
- robert zajonc
- joseph ledoux
What two psychologists believed that we have to have cognitive appraisal to experience an emotional reaction?
Module 41
- stanley schachter
- jerome singer
What kind of machine is used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the psyiological response (such as perspiration, heart rate, and breathing changes) accompanying emotion?
Module 41
polygraph
What term defines the following?:
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness
Module 42
facial feedback effect
What term defines the following?:
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions
Module 42
behavior feedback effect
Emotional release, such as the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges, can be defined as what?
Modules 43-44
catharsis
What term can describe the following?:
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Modules 43-44
stress
How we appraise an event influences how much stress we experience and how effectively we respond, this is called what?
Modules 43-44
stress appraisal
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion(Short term cope, long term damage) is called what?
Module 43-44
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
What response influences the following?:
- Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend).
- Men, more than women, tend to withdraw socially, turn to alcohol, and become emotionally insensitive.
Modules 43-44
tend-and-befriend response
Under the tend-and-befriend response, women often do what? (2)
(2) = 2 responses/answers
Modules 43-44
- support others (tend)
- bond with & seek support from others (befriend)
Under the tend-and-befriend response, men are more likely to do what (more than women)? (3)
(3) = 3 responses/answers
Modules 43-44
- tend to withdraw socially
- turn to alcohol
- become emotionally insensitive
What term can describe the subfield of Psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine?
Modules 43-44
health psychology
What is the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health called?
Modules 43-44
psychoneuroimmunology
What kind of disease helps with clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle and is the leading cause of death in many developed countries?
Modules 43-44
coronary heart disease
What is Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger - prone people?
Modules 43-44
type a
What is Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people?
Modules 43-44
type b
What kind of people expect things to go badly, to have little control over outcomes?
Modules 43-44
pessimists
What kind of people expect to have more control, deal better with stress, and be healthier?
Modules 43-44
optimists
What kind of support can help with feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family, promotes both happiness and health?
Modules 43-44
social support
What phenomenon increases people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood?
Modules 43-44
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
What kind of psychology includes scientific methods to study human flourishing?
Modules 43-44
positive psychology
What can be described as our self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life?
Modules 43-44
subjective well-being
What phenomenon causes our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience?
Modules 43-44
adaptation-level phenomenon
What defines our perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself?
Modules 43-44
relative deprivation
What historical emotion psychologist believed that physiological arousal does not have to happen to experience cognitive appraisal and emotion?
Modules 41-42
lazarus
