Unit 4 (Modules 20-21)

Question 1

Soundwaves first hit what part of the ear? What does the soundwaves cause that part to do? (2)

(2) = 2 parts/answers

Module 20

Answer 1

• the eardrum
• causes it to vibrate

Question 2

The middle ear is composed of how many tiny bones? What are the names of each tiny bone? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 2

• 3
• hammer (malleus)
• anvil (incus)
• stirrup (stapes)

Question 3

What is the anatomy of the middle ear? What parts do the middle ear contain? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 3

• a chamber between the eardrum and cochlea
• contains eardrum, cochlea (hammer, anvil, stirrup)

Question 4

What happens after the eardrum vibrates?

Module 20

Answer 4

the middle ear transmits the vibrations (soundwaves)

Question 5

What happens after the middle ear transmits the soundwaves just received? (What do soundwaves hit next?) What does the next part of the ear do in response to the transmitted soundwaves? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 5

• [to the] cochlea
• cochlea vibrates transmissions

Question 6

During the process of hearing/soundwave progression through the ear, after the sound wave reaches the cochlea where does the soundwave travel to next?

Module 20

Answer 6

[the] inner ear

Question 7

After the soundwaves reach the inner ear, what does the inner ear do and where does the soundwaves go to next? How does the next part of the ear respond/react? (3)

(3) = 3 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 7

• inner ear fluids shake
• basilar membrane
• ripples occur in the basilar membrane

Question 8

After the soundwaves hit the basilar membrane and it ripples, what is the next thing the soundwaves reach? What happens when the soundwaves reach the next part of the ear? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 8

• hair cells
• the hair cells bend and trigger impulses/electrical signals

Question 9

After the hair cells bend and trigger an electrical signal/impulse, where does the electrical signal/impulse go? What does the next part do after receiving the signal? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 9

• auditory nerve
• nerve carries the signal

Question 10

During a regular soundwaves’ path, after the auditory nerve carries the electrical signal from the hair cells, where is the signal carried off too? What does this part do in response to receiving the electrical signal? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 10

• [the] thalamus
• thalamus processes the electrical signal

Question 11

After the thalamus processes the electrical signal in a soundwave sequence, where does the electrical signal reach next? What does this part or region do? (2)

(2) = 2 answers/parts

Module 20

Answer 11

• [the] auditory cortex/temporal lobe
• makes you hear!

Question 12

The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea contianing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that concentrates the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window is called what?

Module 20

Answer 12

[the] middle ear

Question 13

A coiled, bony fluid-filled tube in the inner ear that helps sound waves travel through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses is what ear part?

Module 20

Answer 13

cochlea

Question 14

The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs is called what?

Module 20

Answer 14

[the] inner ear

Question 15

The inner ear contains what three things/parts?

Module 20

Answer 15

• [the] cochlea
• semicircular canals
• vestibular sacs

Question 16

Another word or synonym for the word amplitude is called what?

Module 20

Answer 16

height

Question 17

Amplitude determines what with our perception on soundwaves?

Module 20

Answer 17

[our] loudness

Question 18

Another word or synonym for the word frequency when dealing with soundwaves is what?

Module 20

Answer 18

frequency

Question 19

Our frequency determines what in the soundwave process?

Module 20

Answer 19

determines the pitch we experience

Question 20

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example: per second) is called what?

Module 20

Answer 20

[our] frequency

Question 21

A tone’s experienced highness or lowness which depends on the frequency is called what?

Module 20

Answer 21

[our] pitch

Question 22

Determine a wavelength for the two descriptions:

1. low frequency, low pitch (long & slower)
2. high frequency, high pitch (short & faster)

Module 20

Answer 22

1. long waves
2. short waves

Question 23

Amplitude is measured in what?

Module 20

Answer 23

decibels

Question 24

zero decibels equals what in the process of hearing?

Module 20

Answer 24

zero decibels = our absolute threshold (for hearing)

Question 25

Loudness is determined by what? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 25

the number of activated hair cells | more cells activated = higher loudness it gets

Question 26

# What theory describes the following: in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 26

place theory

Question 27

# What theory describes the following: in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch (also called temporal theory) ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 27

frequency theory

Question 28

What principle goes with the frequency theory (what is it called)? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 28

[the] volley principle

Question 29

# What describes the following: neural cells can alternate firing ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 29

volley principle

Question 30

# True or False?: Both Place theory and Frequency theory work together to enable perception on pitch. ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 30

true

Question 31

# Fill in the blank for the following: * Place theory represents how we sense ____________ pitches * Frequency theory represents how we sense ____________ pitches ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 31

* high * low

Question 32

The placement of our two ears causes what? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 32

stereophonic ("three dimensional") hearing

Question 33

Prolonged exposure to sounds above 85 decibels can produce what? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 33

hearing loss

Question 34

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the audority nerves; the most common form hearing loss, also called nerve deafness is what type of hearing loss? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 34

sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness)

Question 35

A less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system (the eardrum & middle ear bones) that conducts sound waves to the cochlea is what type of hearing loss? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 35

conduction hearing loss

Question 36

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea is called what? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 36

cochlear implant

Question 37

The sense of touch is a mix of what four basic and distinct skin senses? | (other skin sensations vary from these 4) ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 37

1. pressure 2. warmth 3. cold 4. pain

Question 38

Sensory receptors (most in skin but also muscles + organs) that detect harmful temperatures, pressure or chemicals is called what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 38

nociceptors

Question 39

# What theory describes the following: The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on the brain. The "gate" is opened by activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 39

gate-control theory

Question 40

What fibers activate and open the neurological gate in our spinal cord dealing with pain signals? What fibers close the gate and blocks pain signals? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 40

* small nerve fibers * large nerve fibers

Question 41

What two factors affect the intensity of our pain when editing/looking back at memories? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 41

* pain's peak moment * pain felt towards the end

Question 42

What is the body's natural pain reliever chemical that is released with severe pain (and greatly reduces pain)? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 42

endorphins

Question 43

What five senses make up the several basic sensations apart of taste? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 43

1. sweet 2. sour 3. salty 4. bitter 5. umami

Question 44

The sense of smell is defined as what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 44

olfaction

Question 45

What sense (and is the only sense) can bypass the thalamus due to being apart of old primitive (natural) senses? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 45

smell

Question 46

Our movement sense which is our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body arts (vision interacts wiht this) is called what? | keep body aware of part's positions and movement ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 46

kinesthesia

Question 47

Our sense of body movmenet and position that enables our sense of balance that specifically monitors your head's position and movement is called what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 47

vestibular sense

Question 48

Our vestibular sense is dependent on what two structures apart of our inner ear? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 48

* [the] fluid-filled semicircular canals * [a] pair of vestibular sacs

Question 49

What principle contains the idea that one sense may influence another? | (ex: the smell of food influences its taste) ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 49

sensory interaction

Question 50

When our senses do not function in isolation but rather interact with one another is an example of what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 50

sensory adaptation

Question 51

The influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judements is called what? | (ex: physical warmth may promote social warmth) ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 51

embodied cognition

Question 52

The sense or act of hearing is called what? ## Footnote Module 20

Answer 52

audition

Question 53

When our brain creates pain without normal sensory input can be called what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 53

phantom limb sensations

Question 54

The stimulation of one sense that triggers an experience of another is called what? ## Footnote Module 21

Answer 54

synesthesia