Unit 2 (Modules 4-8) Vocab Flashcards
Case Studies, Naturalistic Observations, and Surveys are all examples of ____________ to describe behaviors.
descriptive methods
Answering incorrectly factual questions is often the result of ____________.
overconfidence
When determining the correlation coefficient, scientists often look at a graphed cluster of dots known as ____________.
scatterplots
In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, is called the ____________.
control group
People saying to one another after a friend’s divorce “I saw that coming a long time ago”, is an example of ____________.
hindsight bias
A quick and easy way, often inexpensive, to obtain the self-reported attitudes of a specific group, is to use ____________.
surveys and interviews
If a participant in an experiment shows marked improvement after receiving an inert substitute, they are illustrating the ____________.
placebo effect
Factors that are not being studied but might still influence a study’s outcome are called ____________.
confounding variables
A testable prediction, often implied by a Theory, is called a ____________.
hypothesis
Observing behavior in a Natural Setting without trying to manipulate the situation is called a ____________.
natural observation
True or False, does Correlation prove Causation?
false!
If, when doing some sort of a group experiment, every person in the group has an equal chance of being selected to participate, the experimenter has attained a ____________ of the population.
random sample
In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment is called the ____________.
experimental group
In an experiment, the factor being manipulated is called the ____________.
independent variable
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together is called ____________.
correlation
When conducting an experiment, and you use chance to assign participants to either the experimental or control group, you are using ____________.
random assignment
In Psychology, something that explains behavior by organizing observations is known as a ____________.
theory
When looking to see how strongly two variables are related, and when one goes up the other goes down, is an illustration of a ____________.
negative correlation
A statistical index of the relationship between two things, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00 is called the ____________.
correlation coefficient
If both the research participants and staff are ignorant about who has received the actual treatment or a placebo, it is known as a ____________.
double-bind procedure
In an experiment, the outcome that is measured, it may change when the Independent Variable is manipulated, is called the ____________.
dependent variable
A research method in which the tester manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect it has on behavior, using random assignment, is called an ____________.
experiment
Scientists can replicate the experiments of others because carefully worded ____________ can be followed.
operational definition
The Genovese Stabbing incident that illustrated the “Bystander Effect”, is an example of Psychologists using a ____________ to look at behavior.
case study
Repeating an experiment with different participants in order to see if the basic findings can be reproduced, is called ____________.
replication
If many scores in a distribution lack symmetry around their average value, it is known as a ____________ Distribution.
skewed
A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution is known as a ____________.
histogram
Psychologists do not put much value in any study unless the probability of the results being due to chance is under ____________ %.
5
Numerical datathat allows researchers to infer from sample data, the probability of something being true of a population is called ____________.
inferential statistics
The Arithmetic Average of a distribution is called the ____________.
mean
On average, about what percentage of cases fall within one standard deviation from the mean ____________
68
When researchers give potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether or not to participate, they are giving them ____________
informed consent
The measurement of the gap between the lowest and highest scores in a distribution is called the ____________
range
If researchers believe that any observed differences in a study are not due to chance, they say it is ____________.
statistical significance
After an experiment’s conclusion, the researcher explains to the participants the study’s purpose and any deceptions used. This is called ____________.
debriefing
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score is the ____________.
standard deviation
In a distribution, half the scores are below and half the scores are above the ____________
median
Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of a group is called ____________.
descriptive statistics
A symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data, is called a ____________.
normal curve (normal distribution)
