Unit 9 (Modules 45-47) Flashcards

Piaget & a lil vocab (teratogens)

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1
Q

What branch of psychology studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout a life span?

Module 45

A

developmental psychology

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2
Q

A scientist can classify a fertilized egg (it enters a 2-week period of cell division and develops into an rapid embryo) as what?

Module 45

A

zygotes

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3
Q

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month is called a what?

Module 45

A

embryo

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4
Q

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is called a what?

Module 45

A

fetus

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5
Q

What kind of agents, such as chemical and viruses, can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm (literally, “monster makers”)?

Module 45

A

teratogens

chemicals = mostly from drugs

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6
Q

What syndrome is classified as physical and cognitive abnormalities in children, caused by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features?

Module 45

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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7
Q

What term defines the following?:

the decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

Module 45

A

habituation

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8
Q

What defines biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience?

Module 46

A

maturation

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9
Q

All the mental activites associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating can be called what?

Module 47

A

cognition

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10
Q

What psychologist believed that a child’s mind develops through a series of stages, in an upward march from the newborn’s simple reflexes to the adult’s abstract reasoning power?

Module 47

A

Jean Piaget

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11
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called what?

Module 47

A

schema

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12
Q

What two methods are used to help us adjust our schemas (concept that organizes and interprets info)?

Module 47

A
  • assimilation
  • accommodation
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13
Q

What method helps us with interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas (our current understanding)?

Module 47

A

assimilation

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14
Q

What method helps us with adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information?

Module 47

A

accomodiation

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15
Q

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived is called what?

Module 47

A

object permanence

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16
Q

What are the four major stages in Piaget’s cognitive development?

Module 47

A
  • sensorimotor stage
  • preoperational stage
  • concrete operational stage
  • formal operational stage
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17
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activites?

Module 47

A

sensorimotor stage

18
Q

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from birth to nearly 2 years of age?

Module 47

A

sensorimotor stage

19
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, focuses on infants and their perspective of the world in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activites?

Module 47

A

sensorimotor stage

20
Q

In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, what are the two main focuses that infants have for their perspective on the world?

Module 47

A
  • their sensory impressions
  • motor activities (movement)
21
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic?

Module 47

A

preoperational stage

22
Q

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age?

Module 47

A

preoperational stage

23
Q

In Piaget’s preoperational stage, what are two main takeaways involving a child?

Module 47

A
  • a child learns to use language
  • cannot comprehend concrete logic (does not understand the physical world principles/properties such as size [conservation] and distance)
24
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage in which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic?

Module 47

A

preoperational stage

25
Q

What principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects?

Module 47

A

conservation

26
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view is caused by what?

Module 47

A

egocentric

27
Q

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict can be called what?

Module 47

A

theory of mind

28
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events?

Module 47

A

concrete operational stage

29
Q

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from about 7 to 11 years of age?

Module 47

A

concrete operational stage

30
Q

In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, what is the main takeaway that happens for children in this stage?

Module 47

A
  • they gain mental operations allowing them to think logically about concrete events
31
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage of which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events?

Module 47

A

concrete operational stage

32
Q

What in Piaget’s theory, is the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts?

Module 47

A

formal operatoinal stage

33
Q

What stage in Piaget’s cognitive development focuses on the age from normally about age 12 and on?

Module 47

A

formal operational stage

34
Q

In Piaget’s formal operational stage, what is the main takeaway that happens to a child during this stage?

Module 47

A
  • children are finally able to think logically about abstract concepts
35
Q

What stage in Piaget’s theory, is the stage during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts?

Module 47

A

formal operational stage

36
Q

What’s the difference between concrete operational stage and formal operational stage?

Module 47

A
  • concrete operations are carried out on things (start to recognize their characteristics)
  • formal operations are carried out on ideas (start to perform abstract thinking and create hypothetical situations)
37
Q

Piaget emphasived how a child’s mind grows through interaction with what kind of environment?

Module 47

A

[a] physical environment

38
Q

Vygotsky emphasived how a child’s mind grows through interaction with what kind of environment?

Module 47

A

[a] social environment

39
Q

What kind of framework offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking?

Module 47

A

scaffold

40
Q

What disorder appears during childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors?

Module 47

A

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)