Unit 8 (Modules 37-40) Flashcards by Madeline K

We call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior what?

Modules 37-40

motivation

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What can be described as the point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set? When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.

Modules 38

set point

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The stable weight that semistraved rats and humans return to is their what?

Modules 37-40

set point

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The resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm, is called the?

Modules 37-40

refractory period

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What is the deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups?

Modules 37-40

ostracism

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What can include the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry?

Modules 37-40

homeostasis

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A complex behavior that is unlearned is called an?

Modules 37-40

instinct

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The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides energy for body tissues is called?

Modules 37-40

glucose

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What are the four stages of Master and Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle?

Modules 37-40

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

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Someone may identify as what if they experience no sexual attraction to others?

Modules 37-40

asexual

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The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group is called what?

Modules 37-40

affilation need

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What is the passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals?

Modules 37-40

grit

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If you have a body mass index measurement of 30 or higher, you are considered what?

Module 37-40

obese (obesity)

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What is the body’s resting rate of energy output called?

Module 37-40

basal metabolic rate

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What theory says that when a physiological need increases, so does our psychological drive to reduce it?

Module 37-40

drive-reduction theory

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Who created the Hierarchy of Needs?

Modules 37-40

Abraham Maslow

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What is the third level from the bottom on the Hierarchy of Needs called?

Module 37-40

belongingness and love needs

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What sex hormone contributes to female sex characterisitcs and are secreted in greater amounts by females than males?

Module 39

estrogen

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What hormone peaks during ovulation?

Module 37-40

estrogen

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When someone experiences excessive self-love and self-absorption, what is that called?

(aidan)

Module 37-40

narcissim

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A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is called a what?

Module 37-40

incentives

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What law says that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases?

Module 37-40

yerkes-dodson law

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What performs various body maintenance functions, including the control of hunger? (the brain)

Module 37-40

[the] hypothalamus

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What is the most important male sex hormone?

Modules 37-40

testerone

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What Indiana University biologist surveyed Americans about their sexuality and published their results? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

alfred kinsey

What can the desire for significant accomplishment and attaining a high standard be called? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

achievement motivation

What is a basic bodily requirement? ## Footnote Module 37-40

physiological needs

What theory of motivation is most likely to suggest that a younger woman would be attracted to an older man because of his greater ability to provide for her? ## Footnote Modules 37-40, 55-57

evolutionary (motivation)

What theory proposes that motivational states are controlled by external stimuli? ## Footnote Modules 37-40, 55-57

incentive

The Drive-reduction theory can relate to what level on Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37-40, 55-57

lowest level (hunger and thirst)

What can describe a situation involving a single goal or option that has both desirable and undesirable aspects or consequences? ## Footnote Module 37-40, 55-57

approach-avoidance conflict

Motivation that is driven by an external reward or punishment is called what? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

extrinsic motivation

Motivation that is driven by internal factors such as enjoyment and satisfcation? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

intrinsic motivation

What kind of conflicts are decided between options with desirable features (not undesirable ones)? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

approach-approach conflicts

What kind of conflicts are decided between options options with undesirable features (not desirable ones)? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

avoidance-avoidance conflict

What kind of conflicts are decided between options with both desirable and undesirable features? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

approach-avoidance conflicts

What can be described as the inborn, fixed patterns of behavior that present in response to certain stimuli and are often species-specific? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

instincts

What theory, based on the work of Darwin, states that people perform certain behaviors due to instincts developed through generations of evolution? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

instinct theory

What can be described as a state of unrest or irritation that energizes particular behaviors to alleviate it? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

drive

What can be described as the innate needs that are found in all humans and animals are vital to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and warmth? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

primary drive

What dynamic state of equilibrium is maintained by fulfilling drives and regulating internal conditions such as body temperature and blood pressure? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

homeostasis

What can be described as our needs, such as money and social approval, that are learned through experience? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

secondary drive

What theory states that imbalances to your body's internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

drive-reduction theory

The physiological and psychological state of being active and alert, as reflected by factors like heart rate, muscle tone, brain activity and blood pressure, can be called what? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

arousal

What theory states that individuals are motivated to perform behaviors in order to maintain an optimal arousal level, typially a moderate level? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

arousal theory

What law states that a moderate level of arousal allows for optimal performance, though this optimal level can vary based on the individual and the nature of the task? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

yerkes-dodson law

What theory of motivation states that behaviors are motivated by the desire to atain rewards and avoid punishments? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

incentive theory

Our internal desire or defciency that can motivate behavior can be called what?

[a] need

What theory classifies needs into five categories, ranked by priority from lowest to highest: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

maslow's hierarchy of needs

What is the last level in Maslow's hierarchy, this need is met when individuals accept themselves and attain their full potential? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

self-actualization

What medical condition is characterized by a body mass index of greater than 30 and associated with various health problems. such as an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes?

obesity

What is the example of a primary drive called: it describes how motivated an individual is to partake in sexual behavior? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

sex drive

What can be described as a person's identity in relation t othe group or gender to which they are attracted; most commonly homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, or asexual? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

sexual orientation

What can be described as the physiological and emotional state that an individual experiences in response to challenging environmental demands? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

stress

Objects or circumstances ta cause individuals to experience stress can be called what? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

stressors

The physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress, such as fatigue, anxiety and nausea an be described as what? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

stress reactions

What can be described as a psychological and physiological response characterized by pleasure, pain, and/or other feelings? ## Footnote Modules 37-40

emotion

What can describe the four stages of sexual responding describd by Masters and Johnson--excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution? ## Footnote Modle 39

sexual response cycle

What are the four phases in Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle? ## Footnote Module 39

* excitement * plateau * orgasm * resolution

What is the first phase in the sexual response cycle? ## Footnote Module 39

excitement

What is the second phase in the sexual response cycle? ## Footnote Module 39

plateau

What is the third phase in the sexual response cycle? ## Footnote Module 39

orgasm

What is the fourth and final phase in the sexual response cycle? ## Footnote Module 39

resolution

The deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups can be called what? ## Footnote Module 40

ostracism

What is the first stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

physiological needs | (such as hunger and thirst)

What is the second stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

safety needs | (need to feel safe)

What is the third stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

belongingness and love needs (love) | (need to be accepted and loved)

What is the fourth stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

esteem needs (self-esteem) | (need for recognition, achievement, independence, high self-esteem)

What is the fifth and last stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

self actualization needs | (to live up to full potential)

What is the sixth optional stage (interchangable with the fifth stage) in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? ## Footnote Module 37

self transcendence needs | (need to identiy beyond onesel)

Unit 8 (Modules 37-40) Flashcards

Arousal theories & Maslow