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psychology > Unit 8 (Modules 37-40) > Flashcards

Unit 8 (Modules 37-40) Flashcards

Arousal theories & Maslow

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1
Q

We call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior what?

Modules 37-40

A

motivation

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2
Q

What can be described as the point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set? When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.

Modules 38

A

set point

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3
Q

The stable weight that semistraved rats and humans return to is their what?

Modules 37-40

A

set point

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4
Q

The resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm, is called the?

Modules 37-40

A

refractory period

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5
Q

What is the deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups?

Modules 37-40

A

ostracism

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6
Q

What can include the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry?

Modules 37-40

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

A complex behavior that is unlearned is called an?

Modules 37-40

A

instinct

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8
Q

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides energy for body tissues is called?

Modules 37-40

A

glucose

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9
Q

What are the four stages of Master and Johnson’s Sexual Response Cycle?

Modules 37-40

A
  • excitement
  • plateau
  • orgasm
  • resolution
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10
Q

Someone may identify as what if they experience no sexual attraction to others?

Modules 37-40

A

asexual

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11
Q

The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group is called what?

Modules 37-40

A

affilation need

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12
Q

What is the passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals?

Modules 37-40

A

grit

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13
Q

If you have a body mass index measurement of 30 or higher, you are considered what?

Module 37-40

A

obese (obesity)

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14
Q

What is the body’s resting rate of energy output called?

Module 37-40

A

basal metabolic rate

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15
Q

What theory says that when a physiological need increases, so does our psychological drive to reduce it?

Module 37-40

A

drive-reduction theory

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16
Q

Who created the Hierarchy of Needs?

Modules 37-40

A

Abraham Maslow

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17
Q

What is the third level from the bottom on the Hierarchy of Needs called?

Module 37-40

A

belongingness and love needs

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18
Q

What sex hormone contributes to female sex characterisitcs and are secreted in greater amounts by females than males?

Module 39

A

estrogen

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19
Q

What hormone peaks during ovulation?

Module 37-40

A

estrogen

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20
Q

When someone experiences excessive self-love and self-absorption, what is that called?

(aidan)

Module 37-40

A

narcissim

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21
Q

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is called a what?

Module 37-40

A

incentives

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22
Q

What law says that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases?

Module 37-40

A

yerkes-dodson law

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23
Q

What performs various body maintenance functions, including the control of hunger? (the brain)

Module 37-40

A

[the] hypothalamus

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24
Q

What is the most important male sex hormone?

Modules 37-40

A

testerone

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25
Q

What Indiana University biologist surveyed Americans about their sexuality and published their results?

Modules 37-40

A

alfred kinsey

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26
Q

What can the desire for significant accomplishment and attaining a high standard be called?

Modules 37-40

A

achievement motivation

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27
Q

What is a basic bodily requirement?

Module 37-40

A

physiological needs

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28
Q

What theory of motivation is most likely to suggest that a younger woman would be attracted to an older man because of his greater ability to provide for her?

Modules 37-40, 55-57

A

evolutionary (motivation)

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29
Q

What theory proposes that motivational states are controlled by external stimuli?

Modules 37-40, 55-57

A

incentive

30
Q

The Drive-reduction theory can relate to what level on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37-40, 55-57

A

lowest level (hunger and thirst)

31
Q

What can describe a situation involving a single goal or option that has both desirable and undesirable aspects or consequences?

Module 37-40, 55-57

A

approach-avoidance conflict

32
Q

Motivation that is driven by an external reward or punishment is called what?

Modules 37-40

A

extrinsic motivation

33
Q

Motivation that is driven by internal factors such as enjoyment and satisfcation?

Modules 37-40

A

intrinsic motivation

34
Q

What kind of conflicts are decided between options with desirable features (not undesirable ones)?

Modules 37-40

A

approach-approach conflicts

35
Q

What kind of conflicts are decided between options options with undesirable features (not desirable ones)?

Modules 37-40

A

avoidance-avoidance conflict

36
Q

What kind of conflicts are decided between options with both desirable and undesirable features?

Modules 37-40

A

approach-avoidance conflicts

37
Q

What can be described as the inborn, fixed patterns of behavior that present in response to certain stimuli and are often species-specific?

Modules 37-40

A

instincts

38
Q

What theory, based on the work of Darwin, states that people perform certain behaviors due to instincts developed through generations of evolution?

Modules 37-40

A

instinct theory

39
Q

What can be described as a state of unrest or irritation that energizes particular behaviors to alleviate it?

Modules 37-40

A

drive

40
Q

What can be described as the innate needs that are found in all humans and animals are vital to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and warmth?

Modules 37-40

A

primary drive

41
Q

What dynamic state of equilibrium is maintained by fulfilling drives and regulating internal conditions such as body temperature and blood pressure?

Modules 37-40

A

homeostasis

42
Q

What can be described as our needs, such as money and social approval, that are learned through experience?

Modules 37-40

A

secondary drive

43
Q

What theory states that imbalances to your body’s internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis?

Modules 37-40

A

drive-reduction theory

44
Q

The physiological and psychological state of being active and alert, as reflected by factors like heart rate, muscle tone, brain activity and blood pressure, can be called what?

Modules 37-40

A

arousal

45
Q

What theory states that individuals are motivated to perform behaviors in order to maintain an optimal arousal level, typially a moderate level?

Modules 37-40

A

arousal theory

46
Q

What law states that a moderate level of arousal allows for optimal performance, though this optimal level can vary based on the individual and the nature of the task?

Modules 37-40

A

yerkes-dodson law

47
Q

What theory of motivation states that behaviors are motivated by the desire to atain rewards and avoid punishments?

Modules 37-40

A

incentive theory

48
Q

Our internal desire or defciency that can motivate behavior can be called what?

A

[a] need

49
Q

What theory classifies needs into five categories, ranked by priority from lowest to highest: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Modules 37-40

A

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

50
Q

What is the last level in Maslow’s hierarchy, this need is met when individuals accept themselves and attain their full potential?

Modules 37-40

A

self-actualization

51
Q

What medical condition is characterized by a body mass index of greater than 30 and associated with various health problems. such as an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes?

A

obesity

52
Q

What is the example of a primary drive called: it describes how motivated an individual is to partake in sexual behavior?

Modules 37-40

A

sex drive

53
Q

What can be described as a person’s identity in relation t othe group or gender to which they are attracted; most commonly homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, or asexual?

Modules 37-40

A

sexual orientation

54
Q

What can be described as the physiological and emotional state that an individual experiences in response to challenging environmental demands?

Modules 37-40

A

stress

55
Q

Objects or circumstances ta cause individuals to experience stress can be called what?

Modules 37-40

A

stressors

56
Q

The physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress, such as fatigue, anxiety and nausea an be described as what?

Modules 37-40

A

stress reactions

57
Q

What can be described as a psychological and physiological response characterized by pleasure, pain, and/or other feelings?

Modules 37-40

A

emotion

58
Q

What can describe the four stages of sexual responding describd by Masters and Johnson–excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution?

Modle 39

A

sexual response cycle

59
Q

What are the four phases in Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle?

Module 39

A
  • excitement
  • plateau
  • orgasm
  • resolution
60
Q

What is the first phase in the sexual response cycle?

Module 39

A

excitement

61
Q

What is the second phase in the sexual response cycle?

Module 39

A

plateau

62
Q

What is the third phase in the sexual response cycle?

Module 39

A

orgasm

63
Q

What is the fourth and final phase in the sexual response cycle?

Module 39

A

resolution

64
Q

The deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups can be called what?

Module 40

A

ostracism

65
Q

What is the first stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

physiological needs

(such as hunger and thirst)

66
Q

What is the second stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

safety needs

(need to feel safe)

67
Q

What is the third stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

belongingness and love needs (love)

(need to be accepted and loved)

68
Q

What is the fourth stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

esteem needs (self-esteem)

(need for recognition, achievement, independence, high self-esteem)

69
Q

What is the fifth and last stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

self actualization needs

(to live up to full potential)

70
Q

What is the sixth optional stage (interchangable with the fifth stage) in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Module 37

A

self transcendence needs

(need to identiy beyond onesel)

psychology (25 decks)

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