Unit 7 (Modules 34-35)

Question 1

All the mental activites associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating can be called what?

Module 34

Answer 1

cognition

Question 2

The process of mentally grouping simliar objects, events, ideas or people together is called what?

Module 34

Answer 2

concept

Question 3

A mental representation that serves as a cognitive reference point for the/a category is called a what?

used to enhance memory and recall

Module 34

Answer 3

prototype

Question 4

The ability to produce new and valuable ideas is called what?

Module 34

Answer 4

creativity

Question 5

What kind of thinking involves narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution?

Module 34

Answer 5

convergent thinking/thought

Question 6

What kind of thinking involves expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions?

Module 34

Answer 6

divergent thinking/thought

Question 7

A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem and contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error-prone-use of heuristics is called what?

Module 35

Answer 7

algorithm

Question 8

What strategy revolves around simple thinking that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm?

Module 35

Answer 8

heuristic

Question 9

The sudden realization of a problem’s solution (contrasts with strategy-based solutions) is caused by what?

Module 35

Answer 9

insight

Question 10

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence is called what?

Module 35

Answer 10

confirmation bias

Question 11

In cognition, what causes the inability to see a problem from a new perspective (an obstacle to problem solving)?

Module 35

Answer 11

fixation

Question 12

What tendency causes someone to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past?

Module 35

Answer 12

mental set

Question 13

What causes an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning? (1)

(1) = 1 answer/part

Module 35

Answer 13

intuition

Question 14

Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information is the result of what?

Module 35

Answer 14

representativeness heuristic

Question 15

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common, is the result of what?

Module 35

Answer 15

availability heuristics

Question 16

What tendency causes someone to be more confident than correct-to over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements?

Module 35

Answer 16

overconfidence

Question 17

The act of overestimating our future, leisure time and income is the result of what?

Module 35

Answer 17

planning fallacy

Question 18

What causes someone to cling to one’s intial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited? (1)

(1) = 1 answer/part

Module 35

Answer 18

belief perseverance

Question 19

What phenomenon uses conclusions to assess evidence?

Module 35

Answer 19

motivated reasoning

Question 20

Through the way an issue is posed; what causes how an issue worded to significantly affect decisions and judgements?

Module 35

Answer 20

framing

Question 21

What is the downside to using an algorithm?

Answer 21

it is a slow process (compared to a heuristic)

Question 22

What is the downside to a heuristic?

Answer 22

you are not guaranteed the solution (compared to an algorithm)

Question 23

Why would someone use an algorithm instead of a heuristic?

Answer 23

you are guaranteed the solution

Question 24

Why would someone use a heuristic instead of an algorithm?

Answer 24

it is a quicker process