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psychology > Unit 10 (Modules 55-57) > Flashcards

Unit 10 (Modules 55-57) Flashcards

personality + theories + tests, psychoanalysts

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1
Q

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting can be called what?

Module 55

A

personality

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2
Q

What kind of personality theory organizes people into different sorts of individuals?

Modules 55-57

A

type theory

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3
Q

What kind of personality theory lists classifiable characteristics that add together in different combinations and to different degrees to make a unique personality?

Modules 55-57

A

trait theory

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4
Q

A person who is ambitious and has a competitive personality, according to one type theory, can be called what?

Modules 55-57

A

type-a

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5
Q

A person who is laid-back and has a relaxed personality, according to one type theory, can be called what?

Modules 55-57

A

type-b

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6
Q

What trait theory focuses on placing people on a continuum for each of three personality traits: psychoticism, exraversion, and neuroticism?

Modules 55-57

A

pen model

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7
Q

What PEN trait corresponds to aggression and non-conformity?

Modules 55-57

A

psychoticism

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8
Q

What PEN trait corresponds to thriving on external stimulation and is also a member of the Big Five?

Modules 55-57

A

extraversion

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9
Q

What PEN trait corresponds to anxiety and fight-or-flight stress response, and is also a member of the Big Five?

Modules 55-57

A

neuroticism

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10
Q

What trait theory reorganizes and builds on the PEN traits, keeping extraversion and neuroticism, and adding openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness? Can also be remembered by using the mnemonic OCEAN.

Modules 55-57

A

big five

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11
Q

What Big Five trait corresponds to curiousity vs caution?

Modules 55-57

A

openness to experience (openness)

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12
Q

What Big Five trait corresponds to organization vs carelessness?

Modules 55-57

A

conscientiousness

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13
Q

What Big Five trait corresponds to friendliness vs detachment?

Modules 55-57

A

agreeableness

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14
Q

What theory maintains the idea that personality is heavil influenced by genes?

Modules 55-57

A

biopsychological approach

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15
Q

What theory maintains the idea that personalityis heavily influenced by environment and experience?

Modules 55-57

A

behaviorist approach

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16
Q

What theory maintains the idea that personality both shapes and is shaped by environment?

Modules 55-57

A

social cognitive perspective

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17
Q

What personality theory explains behaviors by looking at unconscious drives and feelings?

Modules 55-57

A

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective

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18
Q

What model divides the conscious and unconscious mind into the id, ego, and superego?

Modules 55-57

A

structural model

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19
Q

What part of the personality consists of all the basic, primal urges and instincts to survive and reproduce?

Modules 55-57

A

id

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20
Q

What describes the drive for instant gratification and catharsis (the relief of pent-up tension)?

Modules 55-57

A

pleasure principle

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21
Q

What style of thought is generated by the id and is simple, primal, and aimed at seeking, pleasrue and avoiding pain?

Modules 55-57

A

primary process

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22
Q

What can be described as the use of fantasy to imagine satisfying an urge that would unacceptable to act out?

Modules 55-57

A

wish fulfillment

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23
Q

What part of the personality is focused on creating the ideal self?

Modules 55-57

A

superego

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24
Q

What part of the superego responds wih feelings of pride when you overcome the urges of the id?

Modules 55-57

A

ego-ideal

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25
Q

What part of the personality suppresses the needs of the id and superego?

Modules 55-57

A

ego

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26
Q

What part of the superego causes feelings of guilt when you succumb to the urges of the id?

Modules 55-57

A

conscience

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27
Q

What can be described as the ego’s drive to put off instant gratification and fulfill desires in socially acceptable ways?

Modules 55-57

A

reality principle

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28
Q

What style of thought that is generated by the ego seeks to relieve the tension caused by delaying gratification?

Modules 55-57

A

secondary process

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29
Q

What can be described as the ego’s means of denying, distorting, or falsifying reality to reducethe anxiety caused by the clash between the id and the superego?

Modules 55-57

A

defense mechanism

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30
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by pushing an unwanted or socially unacceptable feeling out of conscious awareness?

Modules 55-57

A

repression

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31
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by consciously setting aside thoughts or feelings that would be unhelpful in the current situation?

Modules 55-57

A

suppression

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32
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by reverting to an earlier stae of emotiona lor mental development in response to stress?

Modules 55-57

A

regression

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33
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by turning an unwanted thought or feeling into its opposite?

Modules 55-57

A

reaction formation

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34
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by attributing your own unwanted feelings to others?

Modules 55-57

A

projection

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35
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by justifying unaccptable behaviors to make them more acceptable to yourself or others and to hide your true motivations?

Modules 55-57

A

rationalization

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36
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by redirecting an unwanted feeling from one target to another?

Modules 55-57

A

displacement

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37
Q

What defense mechanism is marked by transforming an undesirable feeling or drive into a socially accepable one?

Modules 55-57

A

sublimation

38
Q

What can be described as any part of the personality or memory that is not curently conscious because it has been forgotten or repressed?

Modules 55-57

A

personal unconscious

39
Q

What can be described as the instincts and emotionally-charged symbols shared among all peopel due to our common ancestry, according to Jung?

Modules 55-57

A

collective unconscious

40
Q

One of the emotional instincts or symbols that make up a person’s personality is called what?

Modules 55-57

A

archetype

41
Q

What archetye represents a man’s feminine qualities?

Modules 55-57

A

anima

42
Q

What archetype represents a women’s masculine qualities?

Modules 55-57

A

animus

43
Q

A person’s feelings of incompleteness or imperfection that lead to striving for superiority can be called what?

Modules 55-57

A

inferiority complex

44
Q

What can be described as the feelings of anxiety or helplessness caused by inadequate parenting?

Modules 55-57

A

basic anxiety

45
Q

What can be described as anger caused by parental neglect or rejection?

Modules 55-57

A

basic hostility

46
Q

What personality theory focuses on the positive aspects of personality and the way in which healthy people strive toward self-realization?

Modules 55-57

A

humanistic perspective/theories

47
Q

What self-report questionaire tends to focus on types or traits?

Modules 55-57

A

objective tests

48
Q

What objective test sorts people into personality types based on four continua: Extraversion (E) versus Introversion (I), Sensing (S) versus Intuition (N), Thinking (T) versus Feeling (F), and Judging (J) versus Perceiving (P)?

Modules 55-57

A

myers-briggs type indicator (mbti)

49
Q

What objective test is used to assess both personality traits and the presence of psychological disorders?

Modules 55-57

A

minesota multiphasic personality inventory (mmpi-2)

50
Q

What personality test is based on theidea that people will interpret ambiguous stimuli in ways that reflect their unconscious thoughts and feelings?

Modules 55-57

A

projective tests

51
Q

What projective test asks participant to describe what they in abstract designs?

Modules 55-57

A

roschach inkblot test

52
Q

What projective test presents participants with a series of images and ask them to tell a story about what is happening (making up a story)?

Modules 55-57

A

thematic apperception test (tat)

53
Q

What psychoanalyst disagreed with Freud over the importance of sexual desires forming the personality (believed that it was social desires) and originated the concept of the inferiority complex?

Modules 55-57

A

alfred adler

54
Q

Who sought to move psychoanalysis away from sexuality-and male-focused ideas; maintained that inadequate parenting can lead to basic anxiety or basic hostility? (also disagreed with Freud on sexual desires forming the personality and believed it was instead social desires)

Modules 55-57

A

karen horney

55
Q

Which two people expanded and reorganized the PEN trait model into the Big Five or OCEAN model of personaliy traits?

Modules 55-57

A
  • paul costa
  • robert mccrae
56
Q

Which two trait theorists originated the PEN model of personality?

Modules 55-57

A

hans & sybil eysenck

57
Q

Who was the founder of psychoanalysis who developed the structural model, which states that the mind is made up of the id, ego and superego?

Modules 55-57

A

sigmund freud

58
Q

Which psychoanalyst stated that the unconscious midncan be divided into hte personal and collective unconscious, the latter of which contains archetypes?

Modules 55-57

A

carl jung

59
Q

Who is known for their systematic, scientific study of sexual behavior, who developed the Kinsey Scale to describe sexual oritentation?

Modules 55-57

A

alfred kinsey

60
Q

Who developed the theory of motivation called the hierarchy of needs, made up of five levels of needs, and claimed that lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level needs?

Modules 55-57

A

abraham maslow

61
Q

Which two people researched sexual arousal and proposed a four-stage human response cycle?

Modules 55-57

A
  • william masters
  • virginia johnson
62
Q

What kind of theories view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importace of childhod experiences?

Module 55

A

psychodynamic theories

63
Q

What theory of personality created by Freud attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions?

Modules 55

A

psychoanlysis

64
Q

According to Freud, what is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories? According to contemporary psychologists, what can be classified as information processing of which we are unware?

Modules 55

A

unconscious

65
Q

In psychoanalysis, what method explores the unconscious through a person’s relaxation and then having them say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing?

Modules 55

A

free association

66
Q

What can be described as the childhood stages of development (oral, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones?

Modules 55

A

psychosexual stages

67
Q

What is the first stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Modules 55

A

oral

(pleasure focuses on mouth)

68
Q

What is the second stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Modules 55

A

anal

(pleasure focuses on control of bowels and bladder)

69
Q

What is the third stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Modules 55

A

phallic

(focuses on genitals and incestuous sexual feelings)

70
Q

What is the fourth stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Modules 55

A

latency

(phase in which sexual feelings are dormant)

71
Q

What is the fifth and final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Modules 55

A

genital

(focuses on sexual interests)

72
Q

According to Freud, what is a boy’s sexual desires towards his mother, and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father, called?

Modules 55

A

oedipus complex

73
Q

In Freud’s psychosexual stages, where does the oedipus complex occur (what stage?)?

Modules 55

A

[the] phallic stage

74
Q

What can be described as the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos?

Modules 55

A

identification

75
Q

In one of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved, is called what?

Modules 55

A

fixation

76
Q

What was Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history called?

Modules 55

A

collective unconscious

77
Q

What theory focues on death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death?

Modules 55

A

terror-management theory

78
Q

In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which one is one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential?

Modules 56

A

self actualization

79
Q

According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning and purpose beyond the self is called what?

Modules 56

A

self transcendence

80
Q

What is a caring, nonjudgementl attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self acceptance, called?

Modules 56

A

unconditional positive regard

81
Q

What can be described as all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question “Who am I?”?

Modules 56

A

self concept

82
Q

What can be described as a questionaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits?

Modules 57

A

personality inventory

83
Q

What test (such as the MMPI) revolved around selecting from a pool of items, those that discriminate between groups?

Modules 57

A

empirically derived tset

84
Q

What school of psychology does Sigmund Freud belong too? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

psychoanalysis (psychodynamic)

85
Q

Waht school of psychology does Abraham Maslow belong too? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

humanistic

86
Q

What school of psychology does Carl Rogers belong too? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

humanistic

87
Q

What school of psychology does Alfred Adler belong too? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

psychoanalysis (psychodynamic)

88
Q

What type of theorist is most likely to assess people’s personalities by having them draw pictures, in the hope that the drawings will reveal underlying personality characteristics?

Modules 55-57

A

psychoanalytical

89
Q

What school of psychology does B. F. Skinner belong too? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

behaviorist

90
Q

What school of psychology does John B. Watson? (what type of psychology?)

Modules 55-57

A

behaviorist

psychology (25 decks)

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