Unit 14 (Modules 74-77) Flashcards
psycho-sociology unit
What defines the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another?
Module 74
social psychology
What theory explains someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition?
Module 74
attribution theory
What can be described as the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition?
Module 74
fundamental attribution error
What can be defined as the feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events?
Module 74
attitude
What occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness?
Module 74
peripheral route persuasion
What occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts?
Module 74
central route persuasion
What phenomenon describes the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request?
Module 74
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
What is the set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave called?
Module 74
role
Who created the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Module 74
Philip Zimbardo
What theory says that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent? (for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.)
Module 74
cognitive dissonance theory
What we understand as the rules for accepted and expected behavior , a person having “proper” behavior?
Module 75
norms
Adjusting our behavior or thinking to concide with a group can be described as what?
Module 75
conformity
What can be described as the influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval?
Module 75
normative social influence
What can be described as the influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality?
Module 75
informational social influence
What social psychologist performed 20 experiments with one of his famous experiments testing authority over morality with voltages?
Module 75
Stanley Milgram
What is the improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others called?
Module 76
social faciliation
What is described as the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable?
Module 76
social loafing
What can be described as the loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity?
Module 76
deindividuation
What can be described as the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group?
Module 76
group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives can be called what?
Module 76
group think
What can be described as the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next?
Module 76
culture
What can be described as an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members, generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action?
Module 77
prejudice
What can be described as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people?
Module 77
stereotype
What defines the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get?
Module 77
just-world phenomenon
What can be described as the “us”–people with whom we share a common identity?
Module 77
ingroup
What can be described as the “them”–those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup?
Module 77
outgroup
What can be defined as the tendency to favor our own group?
Module 77
ingroup bias
What can be defined as the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame?
Module 77
scapegoat theory
What is known as the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races (also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias)?
Module 77
other-race effect
