Unit 5 Psych

Question 1

Dispositional attributes

Answer 1

Personal traits such as personality and intelligence

Question 2

Situational attributes

Answer 2

Environmental factors

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 3

The tendency to make dispositional attributions about others and to underestimate the influence of the situation in shaping people’s behaviors

Question 4

Self-serving bias

Answer 4

Tendency to blame external forces when bad things happen & give ourselves credit when good things happen

Question 5

Actor-observer bias

Answer 5

Attribute others actions to internal causes when attributing your own to external causes

Question 6

Mere exposure effect

Answer 6

Liking a stimuli as you’re exposed to it more

Question 7

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 7

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 8

Stereotypes

Answer 8

False assumptions based on the characteristics of a few members of a group

Question 9

Prejudice

Answer 9

An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group & its members

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

Negative behavior based on prejudices

Question 11

Implicit prejudice

Answer 11

Unconscious, subtle

Question 12

Just-world hypothesis

Answer 12

How do we view the situation people are sometimes involved in (believing the world is fair and people get what they deserve)

Question 13

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

We act to reduce the discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent

Question 14

Foot-in-the-door

Answer 14

A tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later to a larger one

Question 15

Door-in-the-face

Answer 15

Refusing a large request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a smaller, second request

Question 16

Halo Effect

Answer 16

We think attractive people are nicer, smarter, and kinder than average-looking people

Question 17

Social Norms

Answer 17

Unwritten rules that dictate acceptable behavior in a society or group.

Question 18

Social influence theory

Answer 18

The idea that people’s thoughts and behaviors are shaped by the presence and actions of others.

Question 19

Normative

Answer 19

Conforming to social norms to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Question 20

Informational

Answer 20

Conforming because one believes others have accurate information.

Question 21

Persuasion

Answer 21

The process of influencing someone’s attitudes or behaviors through communication.

Question 22

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 22

A theory explaining two ways people are persuaded: a central (thoughtful) route and a peripheral (superficial) route.

Question 23

Central route to persuasion

Answer 23

Persuasion based on logical arguments and deep thinking.

Question 24

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 24

Persuasion based on superficial cues like attractiveness or emotions.

Question 25

Conformity

Answer 25

Adjusting behavior or thinking to align with a group.

Question 26

Obedience

Answer 26

Following direct orders from an authority figure.

Question 27

Individualism

Answer 27

A cultural value emphasizing personal independence and self-reliance.

Question 28

Collectivism

Answer 28

A cultural value prioritizing group goals over individual ones.

Question 29

Multiculturalism

Answer 29

The coexistence and appreciation of diverse cultural backgrounds within a society.

Question 30

Group Polarization

Answer 30

The tendency for group discussions to strengthen the group's prevailing opinions.

Question 31

Groupthink

Answer 31

When a group prioritizes harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions.

Question 32

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 32

The tendency for individuals to feel less responsible in a group setting.

Question 33

Social loafing

Answer 33

When individuals put in less effort in a group than when working alone.

Question 34

Deindividuation

Answer 34

Losing self-awareness and restraint in group settings, often leading to impulsive behavior.

Question 35

Social facilitation

Answer 35

Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others

Question 36

False consensus effect

Answer 36

The tendency to overestimate how much others share our beliefs and behaviors.

Question 37

Superordinate traps

Answer 37

Shared goals that require cooperation between groups to achieve.

Question 38

Social traps

Answer 38

Situations where individuals act in self-interest but harm the group in the long run.

Question 39

I/O Psychologists

Answer 39

Industrial-organizational psychologists who study workplace behavior to improve efficiency and satisfaction.

Question 40

Altruism

Answer 40

Selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Question 41

Social reciprocity norm

Answer 41

The expectation to return help to those who have helped us.

Question 42

Social responsibility norm

Answer 42

The belief that people should help those in need, even without personal gain.

Question 43

Bystander effect

Answer 43

The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help when others are present.

Question 44

Out-group homogeneity bias

Answer 44

The tendency to perceive members of an out-group as more similar to each other than members of one's in-group.

Question 45

In-group bias

Answer 45

The tendency to favor and give preferential treatment to members of one's own group over outsiders

Question 46

Ethnocentrism

Answer 46

Judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture, often with the belief that one's culture is superior.

Question 47

Belief perseverance

Answer 47

The tendency to cling to one's initial beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence

Question 48

Person perception

Answer 48

The process of forming impressions and making judgments about others based on their appearance, behavior, and social context.