Psych test Unit 1 Part 2

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

Contains the most basic parts of the brain. Responsible for the most basic life support functions that keep us alive

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

Part of brainstem, responsible for breathing, heart rate, and other autonomic NS functions

Question 3

Reticular Activating System

Answer 3

Part of brainstem. Responsible for alertness, arousal, and multitasking.

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Part of brainstem. Controls balance, muscle memory, skill learning.

Question 5

Thalamus

Answer 5

Part of brainstem. Where sensory information (except hearing) is processed and sent to the cerebral cortex.

Question 6

Limbic system

Answer 6

Located above brainstem. Responsible for slightly more complex behaviors including emotions, memory formation, and drive.

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

Limbic system. Regulates and monitors
“drives” - hunger, thirst, sexual, body temp

Question 8

Pituitary Gland

Answer 8

Limbic system. Body’s “master gland.” Regulates growth and controls the other glands in the endocrine system

Question 9

Hippocampus

Answer 9

Limbic system. Helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 10

Amygdala

Answer 10

Limbic system. Involved in emotion, especially anger and fear

Question 11

Corpus Callosum

Answer 11

Limbic system. Connects the two hemis of the brain.

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

Divided into four lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes.

Question 13

Frontal Lobes

Answer 13

It contains the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex. The motor cortex is responsible for voluntary muscle movement, while the prefrontal cortex is the center of judgment/logic making plans, & impulse control.

Question 14

Temporal Lobe

Answer 14

Receives and processes sensory info related to hearing. Understanding of written and spoken language.

Question 15

Occipital Lobe

Answer 15

Receives and processes sensory info related to vision.

Question 16

Parietal Lobes

Answer 16

Contains association areas (mathematical and spatial reasoning & somatosensory cortex (registers and processes touch and movement sensations)

Question 17

Association areas

Answer 17

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved with primary motor/sensory functions. Higher level mental functions: thinking, speaking, learning, remembering

Question 18

Left Hemi

Answer 18

Controls right side of body. Speaking and language-based skills (reading, writing, etc.)

Question 19

Right Hemi

Answer 19

Controls left side of body. Visual perception, recognition of emotion, perceptual tasks, and intuitive

Question 20

Broca’s Area

Answer 20

Frontal lobe. Controls production of speech

Question 21

Wernicke’s area

Answer 21

Temporal lobe. Responsible for understanding both written and spoken language.

Question 22

Brain plasticity

Answer 22

The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Question 23

Sleep

Answer 23

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness

Question 24

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 24

Internal clock.

Question 25

Stages of sleep

Answer 25

REM, NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3.

Question 26

NREM-1

Answer 26

Lightest level of sleep. Muscles relax. 10 min long. Alpha waves

Question 27

NREM-2.

Answer 27

20 minutes long. Sleep spindles: bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity. Transition into theta waves (slower).

Question 28

NREM-3.

Answer 28

Deepest level of sleep. 30 minutes long. Where sleepwalking, talking can occur. Important for physical and psychological well-being. Delta waves.

Question 29

REM

Answer 29

About hour into sleep. Vivid dreams, sexual arousal, paralyzed body. Beta waves.

Question 30

Sleep patterns in cycles throughout night.

Answer 30

REM sleep increases while NREM-3 decreases each cycle.

Question 31

Insomnia

Answer 31

Difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep. Diagnosed through sleep diaries, and patient history evaluation. Treated with cognitive behavioral therapy or hypnotic medications.

Question 32

Narcolepsy

Answer 32

Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. Suggested by history and can be confirmed with PSG (sleep study). Very dangerous because can happen at the worst times. Treated with behavior modifications and/or medications.

Question 33

Sleep Apnea

Answer 33

Stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping. Diagnoses can be patients with/ excessive snoring or using a sleep test. Treatment includes positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP machine.)

Question 34

Somnambulism

Answer 34

Sleepwalking. Occurs during NREM-3 sleep.

Question 35

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 35

A sleep disorder in which normal REM paralysis does not occur; instead, twitching, talking, or even kicking or punching may occur, often acting out one’s dream.

Question 36

Activation-synthesis theory (dreams)

Answer 36

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our brain weaves into stories.

Question 37

Consolidation theory (dreams)

Answer 37

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories.

Question 38

EEG

Answer 38

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 39

fMRI

Answer 39

Functional MRI. A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. Shows brain function as well as structure.

Question 40

Lesioning procedure

Answer 40

Scientists can selectively lesion (destroy) tiny clusters of normal or defective brain cells, observing any effect on brain function. Scientists can do it through surgery or experimentally (using electrodes)

Question 41

REM rebound

Answer 41

Where a person experiences an increased duration of REM sleep following a period of sleep deprivation.

Question 42

Hypnagogic sensations

Answer 42

Vivid sensory experiences that occur during the transition from wakefulness to sleep.

Question 43

Reward center

Answer 43

Part of brain that responds to pleasure stimuli (food, drugs, sex) by releasing dopamine