1.2-1.4 APES Flashcards
Biome
an area that shares a combination of avg. yearly temp. and precipitation (climate)
Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (above 60 degrees latitude)
Boreal forest/taiga and tundra. Tundra is colder and dryer than Taiga, Taiga receives moderate rainfall.
Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (30 to 60 degrees)
Temperate biomes and woodland/shrubland. All of these biomes have four seasons, and moderate average temperatures.
From most to least precipitation: temperate rainforest (high), temperate seasonal forest (moderate), woodland/shrubland (moderate),
temperate grassland (moderate).
Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (0 to 30 degrees)
All tropical and hot temperate, but range in precipitation.
From most to least precipitation: tropical rainforest (high),
tropical seasonal forest/savannah (moderate),
Subtropical desert (low)
Woodland/shrubland
Hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters
Top 3 highest productivity terrestrial biomes
- Tropical Rainforest
- Temperate Seasonal Rainforest
- Temperate Rainforest
Medium productivity terrestrial biomes
Savannah, Taiga/Boreal Forest, Temperate Grassland
Low productivity terrestrial biomes
Shrubland, Tundra, Desert
Temperate grassland/cold desert
Cold, harsh winters and hot, dry summers
Savannah
Distinct wet & dry seasons
Intertidal zones
The coastline between low & high tide. Organisms need to adapt to crashing waves and exposure to sunlight during low tide (shells).
Open Ocean
Low productivity - only algea and phytoplankton can survive most of ocean. So large that algea absorb a lot of the worlds CO2 and release a lot of the worlds O2
Photic vs. Aphotic Zones
Photic zone = where sunlight can reach in ocean. Aphotic zone - where sunlight can’t reach in ocean
Coral Reef
Most biodiverse ecosystem found in marine (ocean biomes.)
Mutualistic relationship between coral and algae - coral gives CO2 to algae, which algae use for energy which it gives to the coral
Rivers vs. Lakes
Rivers = moving bodies of water, Lakes = still bodies of water
Temperature vs. Flow
Warmer water holds more O2. Greater flow = more contact between water & air, allowing more oxygen to dissolve in water
Littoral area of lake
shallow water w/ emergent plants
Limnetic area of lake
where light can reach photosynthetic plants
Profundal area of lake
Too deep for photosynthesis
Benthic area of lake
murky bottom
Wetlands
Freshwater, area of soil that’s fully saturated for at least part of the year, plants adapted to have roots that can live underwater
Benefits of wetlands
Stores excess water,
Roots of plants filter pollutants from water draining through,
High plant growth due to nutrients and water in sediments
Estuaries
Where bodies of rivers meet the sea. High productivity due to nutrients in sediments deposited.
Carbon Sink
a carbon reservoir that stores more carbon than it releases (plants, soil, ocean algea)
Carbon Source
processes that add carbon to the atmosphere (fossil fuels, deforestation, etc.)
Photosynthesis
Removes CO2 from the atmosphere and converts it to glucose
Cellular Respiration
Uses O2 to break down glucose into energy, releasing CO2 into atmosphere
Ocean & Atmosphere Carbon
Photosynthetic organisms (algea, phytoplankton) & coral take carbon out of atmosphere for photosynthesis. Marine organisms that use cellular respiration release CO2 back into the atmosphere
Sedimentation & Burial
Organic carbon, primarily from dead plants and animals, settles to the bottom of water bodies (like oceans and lakes) and gets buried within sediment layers
Fossil Fuels
coal, oil, and natural gas are formed from fossilized remains of organic matter
Desert (climograph)
No precipitation and high temperatures
Grassland (climograph)
Little rain in winter and a lot in summer, with fluctuating temperatures
Savannah (climograph)
Steady temperatures with clear dry and wet seasons
Tropical Rainforest (climograph)
Very little change in temperature and high amounts of rainfall
Taiga (climograph)
Low temperatures with high rainfall
Shrubland (climograph)
High temperatures that don’t flunctuate w/ dry summers and wet winters
