1.2-1.4 APES Flashcards

1
Q

Biome

A

an area that shares a combination of avg. yearly temp. and precipitation (climate)

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2
Q

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (above 60 degrees latitude)

A

Boreal forest/taiga and tundra. Tundra is colder and dryer than Taiga, Taiga receives moderate rainfall.

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3
Q

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (30 to 60 degrees)

A

Temperate biomes and woodland/shrubland. All of these biomes have four seasons, and moderate average temperatures.

From most to least precipitation: temperate rainforest (high), temperate seasonal forest (moderate), woodland/shrubland (moderate),
temperate grassland (moderate).

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4
Q

Terrestrial Biome Characteristics (0 to 30 degrees)

A

All tropical and hot temperate, but range in precipitation.

From most to least precipitation: tropical rainforest (high),
tropical seasonal forest/savannah (moderate),
Subtropical desert (low)

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5
Q

Woodland/shrubland

A

Hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters

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6
Q

Top 3 highest productivity terrestrial biomes

A
  1. Tropical Rainforest
  2. Temperate Seasonal Rainforest
  3. Temperate Rainforest
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7
Q

Medium productivity terrestrial biomes

A

Savannah, Taiga/Boreal Forest, Temperate Grassland

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8
Q

Low productivity terrestrial biomes

A

Shrubland, Tundra, Desert

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9
Q

Temperate grassland/cold desert

A

Cold, harsh winters and hot, dry summers

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10
Q

Savannah

A

Distinct wet & dry seasons

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11
Q

Intertidal zones

A

The coastline between low & high tide. Organisms need to adapt to crashing waves and exposure to sunlight during low tide (shells).

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12
Q

Open Ocean

A

Low productivity - only algea and phytoplankton can survive most of ocean. So large that algea absorb a lot of the worlds CO2 and release a lot of the worlds O2

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13
Q

Photic vs. Aphotic Zones

A

Photic zone = where sunlight can reach in ocean. Aphotic zone - where sunlight can’t reach in ocean

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14
Q

Coral Reef

A

Most biodiverse ecosystem found in marine (ocean biomes.)
Mutualistic relationship between coral and algae - coral gives CO2 to algae, which algae use for energy which it gives to the coral

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15
Q

Rivers vs. Lakes

A

Rivers = moving bodies of water, Lakes = still bodies of water

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16
Q

Temperature vs. Flow

A

Warmer water holds more O2. Greater flow = more contact between water & air, allowing more oxygen to dissolve in water

17
Q

Littoral area of lake

A

shallow water w/ emergent plants

18
Q

Limnetic area of lake

A

where light can reach photosynthetic plants

19
Q

Profundal area of lake

A

Too deep for photosynthesis

20
Q

Benthic area of lake

A

murky bottom

21
Q

Wetlands

A

Freshwater, area of soil that’s fully saturated for at least part of the year, plants adapted to have roots that can live underwater

22
Q

Benefits of wetlands

A

Stores excess water,
Roots of plants filter pollutants from water draining through,
High plant growth due to nutrients and water in sediments

23
Q

Estuaries

A

Where bodies of rivers meet the sea. High productivity due to nutrients in sediments deposited.

24
Q

Carbon Sink

A

a carbon reservoir that stores more carbon than it releases (plants, soil, ocean algea)

25
Q

Carbon Source

A

processes that add carbon to the atmosphere (fossil fuels, deforestation, etc.)

26
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Removes CO2 from the atmosphere and converts it to glucose

27
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Uses O2 to break down glucose into energy, releasing CO2 into atmosphere

28
Q

Ocean & Atmosphere Carbon

A

Photosynthetic organisms (algea, phytoplankton) & coral take carbon out of atmosphere for photosynthesis. Marine organisms that use cellular respiration release CO2 back into the atmosphere

29
Q

Sedimentation & Burial

A

Organic carbon, primarily from dead plants and animals, settles to the bottom of water bodies (like oceans and lakes) and gets buried within sediment layers

30
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

coal, oil, and natural gas are formed from fossilized remains of organic matter

31
Q

Desert (climograph)

A

No precipitation and high temperatures

32
Q

Grassland (climograph)

A

Little rain in winter and a lot in summer, with fluctuating temperatures

33
Q

Savannah (climograph)

A

Steady temperatures with clear dry and wet seasons

34
Q

Tropical Rainforest (climograph)

A

Very little change in temperature and high amounts of rainfall

35
Q

Taiga (climograph)

A

Low temperatures with high rainfall

36
Q

Shrubland (climograph)

A

High temperatures that don’t flunctuate w/ dry summers and wet winters