Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Palabras que confunden > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Concept

A

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prototype

A

A mental image or best example of a category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. Includes assimilation and accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Creativity

A

The ability to produce new and valuable ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Narrows the available problem solutions to determine he single best solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Algorithm

A

Longer, step-by-step procedure, usually guarantees correct solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heuristic

A

Short cut, simple thinking strategy - make judgments and solve problems efficiently. More error-prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Insight

A

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to the problem. “aha moment.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functional fixedness

A

The inability to see a new use for an object or to see a new perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mental set

A

Our tendency to approach a problem with the mind-set of what has worked for us previously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Framing

A

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gambler’s Fallacy

A

The mistaken belief that a random event is more likely to occur in the future simply because the opposite has occurred repeatedly in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sunk-cost fallacy

A

The tendency to persist with a course of action despite negative outcomes because of the time, money, and effort already invested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in our memory

18
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they represent, or match, particular prototypes

19
Q

Executive functioning

A

the higher cognitive functions that allow a person to plan, set goals, focus attention, and control impulsive behavior. Develop over time

20
Q

Priming

A

how exposure to one stimulus may influence a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention

21
Q

fluid intelligence

A

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

22
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

23
Q

Charles Spearmen

A

G factor (general intelligence) - scoring high on one factor will score high on other factors

24
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Multiple intelligences IQ misses “intelligences” that someone might have. Conventional concept of intelligence too narrow

25
Q

Mental age

A

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age.

26
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On average score is 100

27
Q

Standardization

A

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

28
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

A

The WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence test - can help identify those who could benefit from special education

29
Q

Normal Curve v. Flynn Effect

A

IQ is a normal curve. 15 away from the median of 100 is 1 SD. Flynn effect is the rise in intelligence test scores over time and across cultures

30
Q

Reliability

A

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or retesting

31
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it’s supposed to

32
Q

Constructive validity

A

How much a test measures a concept or trait

33
Q

Predictive validity

A

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it’s designed to predict; computed by correlation between test scores and criterion behavior

34
Q

Intelligence v. Aptitude Test

A

Achievement test - a test designed to assess what a person has learned. Aptitude test - a test designed to predict a person’s future performance (capacity to learn)

35
Q

Factor analysis

A

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions that underlie a person’s total score

36
Q

Discrimination Terman

A

With Terman’s help, US gov developed new tests to evaluate WWI recruits and arriving immigrants. Concluded Anglo-Saxon heritage was superior. This led to laws severely restricting immigration, employment, and educational opportunities for those not of that race.

37
Q

Growth mindset

A

A focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed

38
Q

Fixed mindset

A

The view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort

39
Q

Stereotype threat

A

A self-confirming concern that on will be evaluated based on a neg stereotype

40
Q

Content validity

A

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

41
Q

Predictive validity

A

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it’s designed to predict

42
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A

practical, creative, and analytical intelligence

Palabras que confunden (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions