Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the Enlightenment?
A time when people began to think that everything that happened in the universe was based on reason and natural law
Who stated that the sun was the center of the universe and the earth orbits around it?
Copernicus and Galileo
What did the Catholics think of the universe?
That the Earth was the center of the universe and the sun orbits around it
What did Isaac Newton establish in his studies?
That the universe operates on the basis of regular, predictable natural law through gravity and other aspects of the physical world
How did some scientists and philosophers interpret the discoveries of Isaac Newton in relation to the will of God?
They thought that the scientific laws were the real basis for the operation of the universe, not the will of God
What new thinking emerged in the Enlightenment about kings and governments?
The idea that people should choose who is fit to be the next ruler and that people majorities can change governments
What issue was fundamental in leading to the American Revolution?
The colonists wanting to be separated from the English government, who held power in the colonies and how the colonies were to be governed
Who had ultimate power authority in the colonies at first?
The king and appointed governors
Who made up the governor’s council of advisors?
A small group of wealthy colonists who were appointed by the king
Who was allowed to vote for assembly members?
Free males who each owned a certain amount of property
What administrative change angered New Englanders?
The creation of the Dominion of New England by the Lords of Trade, which combined all of the New England colonies into one government
Who criticized the governor of New York in his newspaper? What was the outcome of the trial and its impact of freedom of the press?
John Peter Zenger. He was put in prison for ten months, but was proven not guilty. After this, many other newspaper editors felt more free to criticize the government in their papers
What were the issues involved in Bacon’s Rebellion?
The constant threat of Indian attack, conflict over western settlement policy, and growing willingness of colonists to defy government authority
What area in North America was disputed by France and England?
The territory between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes
What colonial militia officer tried to push the French from Fort Duquesne?
George Washington
What British fort was built where Fort Duquesne was burned?
Fort Pitt
What Canadian cities did British forces capture?
Quebec and Montreal
What happened to thousands of French-speaking Acadians who were forced out of Nova Scotia?
They scattered down the Atlantic coast, and many found their way to New Orleans (the closest French-speaking haven), who came to be called Cajuns
After the French and Indian War, what country controlled Louisiana?
Spain
After the French and Indian War, what country controlled Florida?
Great Britain
What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?
To make sure that the colonies fought together under the leadership of the king
What British policies irritated the colonists?
The fact that Britain stationed a standing army in the colonies to “protect them” and the allowing of British troops to stay at private colonial homes
What were some laws passed by Parliament in the years after the French and Indian War?
The king of England having to approve laws passed by colonial assemblies and confirm judges appointed to the bench in the colonies, the allowing of searches of homes and businesses for illegal goods, and the colonists not being allowed to print their own money are all examples.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
A proclamation forbidding new English settlement west of the Appalachian Mountain crest due to Indian attacks
Why did the Proclamation of 1763 frustrate the colonists?
Because they thought that the whole point of fighting the French and Indian War was to open up the frontier for settlement
What was the Boston Massacre?
The day when a mob encountered British troops, which had been sent to Boston to keep the peace, because of the taxation Parliament was putting on them. Five colonists died and eight more were wounded
Why did Americans oppose the Tea Act?
Because it permitted the East India Company to sell its surplus tea in the colonies cheaply and to have its own agents control those sales. They feared that it would make the colonies more dependent on this attempt by a British company to monopolize the American tea market
What did the First Continental Congress meet to oppose?
The Coercive Act (called the Intolerable Act in the colonies), which severely restricted trade in and out of Boston and tightened British control over colonial life
