Unit 16

Question 1

What two factions existed in the Republican Party?

Answer 1

The Stalwarts (Republicans who opposed any significant reforms in government) and the Half-Breeds (Republicans who were more moderate and favored at least some reforms)

Question 2

How did President Hayes end Reconstruction?

Answer 2

By removing the last Federal troops from the South

Question 3

Who were the two main candidates for President in 1880?

Answer 3

Republican James A. Garfield and Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock

Question 4

What happened to President Garfield in July of 1881?

Answer 4

He was shot at a Washington railroad station and died several weeks later

Question 5

What did the Pendleton Act provide for?

Answer 5

Those who scored highest on objective exams would get Federal jobs, not those who were political supporters of the President

Question 6

Who were the two main presidential candidates in 1884?

Answer 6

Republican James G. Blaine and Democrat Grover Cleveland

Question 7

What personal attacks were made against James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland?

Answer 7

Blaine was attacked for his political maneuvering and for the use of his influence for personal gain, while Cleveland was attacked for his extramarital affair

Question 8

What was the significance of Cleveland’s win?

Answer 8

It marked the first time a Democrat had been elected President in 28 years

Question 9

What two opposite actions on civil service did President Cleveland take?

Answer 9

He doubled the number of Federal jobs on civil service, but then replaced about two/thirds of the Federal bureaucracy with what he called “honest Democrats”

Question 10

What was Cleveland’s stance on Union Army veterans’ pensions?

Answer 10

He was opposed to them, thinking that the requests were fraudulent

Question 11

Who were the two leading candidates for President in 1888?

Answer 11

Democrat Grover Cleveland and Republican Benjamin Harrison

Question 12

What issue did the Dawes Act address?

Answer 12

Native American tribes to no longer be autonomous, and tribal lands were to be divided among individuals

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Answer 13

To forbid business combinations or conspiracies that linked trade or that created monopolies in interstate commerce

Question 14

The U.S. Treasury increased its purchases of what during Harrison’s term?

Answer 14

Silver

Question 15

What were the results of the 1890 mid-term election?

Answer 15

Democrats gained an almost 3-to-1 majority in the House and cut the Republican majority in the Senate from 14 to 6

Question 16

What was the problem with state banks?

Answer 16

Due to state regulations varying, the worth, reliability, and notes varied as well

Question 17

What were the restrictions felt under a hard money policy?

Answer 17

It did not allow enough money in the economy to encourage business and facilitate growth

Question 18

What kind of banks did the National Bank Act of 1863 authorize?

Answer 18

Federal banks

Question 19

What was the ratio of silver to gold used in minting coins?

Answer 19

16 ounces of silver to 1 ounce of gold

Question 20

What did the Bland-Allison Act authorize?

Answer 20

2 million to 4 million dollars in silver coins to be minted each month at the ratio of $16 silver to $1 gold

Question 21

What did the Sherman Silver Purchase Act require?

Answer 21

The Treasury to purchase $4.5 million in silver each month and to buy it with paper money that could be redeemed in either gold or silver

Question 22

What is the term for using both silver and gold as the standard for money?

Answer 22

Bimetallism

Question 23

What was Cleveland’s position on the Silver Purchase Act?

Answer 23

He had it repealed due to the threat of runaway inflation

Question 24

What was the main interest of government during the late 1800s?

Answer 24

Making business conditions better

Question 25

What group felt left out during this time?

Answer 25

Midwestern and southern farmers

Question 26

What problems existed with organizing those who were felt left out during this time?

Answer 26

The fact that farmers were traditionally independent and lived several miles apart from each other

Question 27

What was the first national organization specifically for farmers?

Answer 27

The National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (just remember the Grange)

Question 28

What were the later groups formed for farmers called?

Answer 28

The Greenback Party, the Northwestern Alliance in the Midwest, and the Southern Alliance in the South

Question 29

The political party organized by farmers was called what?

Answer 29

The People’s Party or the Populist Party