Unit 22 Flashcards
On what did President Hoover blame the Depression?
On international economic conditions
When was Franklin Roosevelt a candidate for Vice President?
1920
What fraction of the nation’s workers were unemployed at the worst point of the Depression?
1/4
What was the overall name for FDR’s program?
The New Deal
What three areas did Roosevelt’s programs address?
Relief, recover, and reform
What was the nickname for Roosevelt’s close circle of advisors?
The brain trust
What step did Roosevelt take with regard to gold?
He decided to take the country’s currency off the gold standard, making it a crime to hoard it
What employed 500,000 men between ages 18 and 25 in two thousand work camps across the country to clear forests and build state parks and dams?
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
What enabled industries to create their own codes of fair practices which regulated production levels, prices, work hours, and wages?
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
What created a bureaucracy to set limits on agricultural production in the hope that a lower supply would cause prices to rise, which also limited farm production and paid farmers for not growing crops?
Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)
What was the best-known recovery program, and what did it do?
The Works Progress Administration (WPA), which cooperated with state and local governments in building or repairing schools, sewage plants, and roads while also funding projects by writers, musicians, and artists
What program was a new experiment in unified planning for an entire region?
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
What were some specific areas that the TVA addressed?
To build dams on the Tennessee River to power hydroelectric power plants, provide flood control, improve river navigation, and provide electricity to local utility systems
What were three areas addressed by Social Security?
Unemployment insurance, assistance to persons with disabilities, and retirement benefits
How was Social Security paid for?
By payroll taxes
What was the Supreme Court’s reaction to the New Deal?
They disliked it, striking down one piece of New Deal legislation after another
Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1936?
Alf Landon
What was FDR’s court-packing plan?
He wanted to add a Justice for everyone over 70 who didn’t retire
Who was the “Kingfish,” the boss of Louisiana politics?
Huey Long
What was the Liberty League?
A league formed by Republicans and conservative Democrats to oppose what they saw as the New Deal’s threat to American liberty
What was the plan to stimulate the economy by giving all retirees at the age of 60 or older $200 per month, provided that they don’t work and that they spend the money within the month called?
The Townsend Plan
What priest broadcast his political agenda on radio?
Charles Coughlin
What region of the United States was known as the Dust Bowl during the Depression?
Western Kansas and Oklahoma areas
To what state did many people from the Dust Bowl move?
California
What humorist was a star of stage and screen in the early 1930s?
Will Rogers
What happened to church membership during the 1930s?
Conservative churches grew in membership, while liberal denominations declined
What significant diplomatic recognition was extended by the Roosevelt Administration in 1933?
The official recognition of the Communist government of the Soviet Union
Who were some dictators that came to power between the wars?
Benito Mussolini of Italy, Adolph Hitler of Germany, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union
What aggressive moves were taken by Germany?
They invaded and annexed Austria, threatened to take the Sudetenland, and tricked the British Prime Minister and took Czechoslovakia, because they believed that Germans were the superior race and they wanted to unify all Germanic people
What policy was urged by Neville Chamberlain?
Appeasing Germany
How was the direct threat to American interest demonstrated in 1937?
When the U.S. gunboat Panay was attacked by Japanese forces in Chinese waters, killing many Americans
What event is seen as beginning WWII in Europe?
When Britain and France declared war on Germany after Germany launched an invasion in Poland
