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American History > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the primary influence over the secular governments in medieval Europe?

A

The Roman Catholic Church

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2
Q

What is indulgences?

A

The money given to the Church by the people in hopes that it would get their loved ones out of purgatory

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3
Q

What do we call the points of debate Martin Luther raised about the practice of indulgences and when did he announce them?

A

His ninety-five theses. 1517

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4
Q

How did Luther make it possible for the average person to know the Bible?

A

He translated the Bible from Latin to German

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5
Q

What happened in European politics as a result of the Reformation?

A

Conflicts and wars erupted within countries between Protestants monarchs and Catholic monarchs

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6
Q

What English Ruler broke with Rome and established the Church of England?

A

Henry VIII

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7
Q

How did the Protestant Reformation affect exploration and political thought?

A

By lands conquered by the Spanish becoming Catholics and the lands conquered by the English accepting religious diversity

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8
Q

Who sailed to a “new founde land” for England in 1497?

A

Giovanni Caboti (John Cabot)

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9
Q

What did Henry VIII do to be rid of his first wife?

A

He separated himself from the Catholic Church and declared himself to be the head of the church in England so he could have his first marriage annulled through the Anglican Church

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10
Q

Who were the daughters of Henry VIII’s first and second wives?

A

Mary and Elizabeth I respectively

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11
Q

What was the first English attempt to establish a colony in North America? What happened to this colony?

A

A group (sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh) that settled on Roanoke Island off North Carolina. They either died from illness or Indian attack, or were moved or carried off to another location

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12
Q

Who became king of England when Elizabeth I died?

A

James I

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13
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

It is the act of the government encouraging and assisting private businesses, especially those involved in foreign trade

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14
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America, and when was it founded?

A

Jamestown, Virginia, May 24, 1607

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15
Q

What is a Puritan and a Separatist?

A

Puritans were people who were not satisfied with the worldliness and the Catholic-like practices of the Church of England and wanted to purify the Church. Separatists were people who wanted no part in the Anglican Church and sought to be separate and independent

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16
Q

What group settled Plymouth?

A

The Separatists

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17
Q

What group settled Massachusetts Bay?

A

The Puritans

18
Q

Roger Williams began what colony?

A

Rhode Island

19
Q

Who led the founding of the Connecticut colony?

A

Thomas Hooker

20
Q

What colony was intended to be a haven for persecuted Catholics?

A

Maryland

21
Q

What colonies were named for Charles II?

A

North and South Carolina

22
Q

From what country did England take the colony that became New York?

A

The Netherlands

23
Q

What religious group is associated with the founding of Pennsylvania?

A

The Society of Friends (the Quakers)

24
Q

What is the Mason-Dixon Line?

A

A boundary line between Pennsylvania (which outlawed slavery) and Maryland (which maintained it until the Civil War). It became a symbol of the division between the slave and non-slave portions of the United States

25
Q

What country posed the only serious threat to English control of North America?

A

France

26
Q

What was an indentured servant?

A

A servant who sold their papers (indentures) to sea captains who then sold them to people in the colonies. They worked for a set period of time and then were given land to start out on their own

27
Q

What were some differences that developed among the colonies in different regions of America?

A

New England was the home of many farmers, traders, fishers, and shipping professions. The southern colonies encouraged large plantations that produced cash crops, mostly tobacco but also rice and lumber. The middle colonies were a mix between the two other regions

28
Q

Which area had the greatest interest in education?

A

New England

29
Q

Why were English accents different in the different regions of America?

A

Because those who moved to New England came from one area of England, those who moved to the southern colonies came from another area, and so forth

30
Q

List all of the 13 original colonies (in order)

A

Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, North and South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Georgia

31
Q

Who was the first person living in America to have literary works published?

A

Anne Bradstreet

32
Q

What was the generally understood role of religion in society in the colonies

A

That it was of upmost importance and that the church should have the primary influence in defining what was acceptable behavior for all people in society

33
Q

What was the Half-Way Covenant?

A

A covenant that allowed the children of people who had not become members to have a kind of half-way membership in the church

34
Q

What was the dominant theology in the colonies?

A

Calvinism

35
Q

What was the predominant form of religious practice in the colonies

A

Anglican

36
Q

Where did witchcraft arise, how did it arise, and what was the legal outcome of it?

A

Salem, Massachusetts. A slave from the West Indies influenced a few young girls to it. The death of twenty people suspicious of witchcraft

37
Q

What were the two sides in the English Civil War?

A

The forces of King Charles I (called Cavaliers or Royalists) against the forces supporting Parliament and the Puritans (called Roundheads)

38
Q

Who became Lord Protector of England?

A

Oliver Cromwell

39
Q

Why were William and Mary asked to rule England?

A

Because the Anglican leaders of Parliament sought to depose James II to stop the Catholic domination of the monarchy. James II fled to France and Parliament wanted William and Mary (who were Protestant rulers in the Netherlands) to sit on the throne

40
Q

What is the significance of how William and Mary were asked?

A

The fact that English monarchs ruled with the permission of Parliament

41
Q

What was the first book printed in America?

A

Bay Psalm Book

42
Q

What colonies made up New England? (4)

A

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire

American History (12 decks)

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