Exam 3 Flashcards
What 1848 event in California heightened the debate over slavery in the territories?
The discovery of gold
What was the declaration of American interest in buying Cuba from Spain?
The Ostend Manifesto
What is popular sovereignty?
Letting settlers in a territory decide for themselves whether or not to admit slavery
What is the tendency of people in different parts of the country to have different and often conflicting views?
Sectionalism
What did the gag rule forbid?
The petitions in the House of Representatives regarding the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia
What called for the right to take slaves into all territories?
The Nashville convention
What was the proposed ban on slavery in territory acquired from Mexico?
The Wilmot Proviso
Where was the battleground for proslavery and antislavery forces?
Kansas Territory
What was the Compromise of 1850?
A collection of provisions organized by Henry Clay to avoid disunion
What law was a part of the Compromise of 1850 to which many northerners objected?
The Fugitive Slave Law
Who were the Democratic nominees of the 1860 Democratic National Convention?
Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckenridge
What action did South Carolina take after the election?
They repealed the state’s ratification and seceded from the Union
Where was the Confederate government formed, and who was chosen to lead it?
Montgomery, Alabama. Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander Stephens as VP
What Constitutional amendment was passed by Congress but not considered by the states?
The amendment guaranteeing slavery where it currently existed
When did Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter?
After Lincoln attempted to resupply it
What move by President Lincoln led to other states seceding from the Union?
His issue to call for 75,000 volunteers to be raised by state militia and his blockade of southern parts
How many states made up the Confederacy? How many Union states still practiced slavery?
11 Confederate states. 4 Union states
Which side of the Civil War was in a better position economically?
The North
The Union Anaconda military strategy included what 3 steps?
- Defend Washington, D.C., and attack Richmond, Virginia
- Blockade the Confederate coast
- Divide the Confederacy by its major rivers
What did the Confederates hope to do in order for them to claim victory of the Civil War?
They hoped to hold the North to a stalemate and obtain a negotiated peace
In what two states did the most battles take place?
Virginia and Tennessee
Who won the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas Junction)?
The Confederates
Who led the capture of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River for the Union?
Admiral David Farragut
What two forts in Tennessee did the Union (led by Ulysses S. Grant) capture?
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
Who was the Confederate commander at the Battle of Stones River?
Braxton Bragg
Who shot Lincoln?
John Wiles Booth
Who was Lincoln’s vice presidential nominee in 1864?
Andrew Johnson
Where did Lee surrender?
In a farmhouse near the village of Appomattox Court House
Who was the last general-in-chief that Lincoln appointed?
Ulysses S. Grant
What Union general took Atlanta and led the March Across Georgia?
General William Sherman
Who was an ineffective general and 1864 Democratic presidential candidate?
George McClellan
Where was the last push of the Confederate war effort in the west?
Nashville and Franklin, Tennessee
Where was the costly Union victory near Corinth, Mississippi?
Shiloh
What city was taken by Grant by a siege that trapped it against a river?
Vicksburg
Who won at Stones River and Lookout Mountain? Who won at Fredericksburg and Chickamauga?
The Union. The Confederates
Where did Lee first invade the Union?
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
When and where was Lincoln assassinated?
He was shot on April 14, 1865, at Lincoln’s balcony box at Ford’s Theater in Washington. He died the next day
What agency, formed by Congress, helped former slaves?
The Freedman’s Bureau
The 14 Amendment declared Confederate debts to be what?
Null and void
Due to blacks being largely shut out from white society, what did blacks do?
Organize black churches and fraternal groups
What were black codes?
State laws that restricted the rights of blacks
When the Republican-controlled Congress convened in December of 1865, Congress did what?
Rejected the representatives from the former Confederate states
What was sharecropping?
The act of people living on land which was owned by someone else, working in the owner’s fields, and receiving a share of the crop as pay
What did the Homestead Act allow?
Americans to receive land in the West for free by living on the land or cultivating it for five years
What body was formed by Congress to develop a plan for Reconstruction?
The Joint Committee on Reconstruction
What group won a big majority in the 1866 congressional elections?
Radical Republicans
What did the 14 Amendment define and guarantee?
It defined citizenship and guaranteed the legal rights of citizens
To what position did Abraham Lincoln appoint Johnson in 1862?
Military governor of Tennessee
Who were carpetbaggers?
Northerners who supposedly packed their carpetbags and came south to obtain government positions and to teach school and render other legitimate service
Who were scalawags?
Southerners who cooperated with the Republicans and opposed secession (seen by southerners as traitors)
What did the Tenure of Office Act forbid?
The President’s ability to remove anyone from office, unless confirmed by the Senate
What body impeached Johnson, what body conducted the impeachment trial, and what was the outcome?
The House of Representatives; the Senate; Johnson avoided being convicted and removed from office by one vote
List the first 19 Presidents of the United States in order
(1) George Washington, (2) John Adams, (3) Thomas Jefferson, (4) James Madison, (5) James Monroe, (6) John Quincy Adams, (7) Andrew Jackson, (8) Martin Van Buren, (9) William Henry Harrison, (10) John Tyler, (11) James K. Polk, (12) Zachary Taylor, (13) Millard Fillmore, (14) Franklin Pierce, (15) James Buchanan, (16) Abraham Lincoln, (17) Andrew Johnson (18) Ulysses S. Grant, (19) Rutherford B. Hayes
Whose Administration was characterized by very many scandals?
Ulysses S. Grant’s
Who was Grant’s opponent in the 1872 election?
Horace Greely
What discoveries encouraged people to move west?
The discovery of gold, silver, and copper in western areas
Who won the battle between an Army force led by George A. Custer and Sioux warriors led by Sitting Bull?
The Sioux warriors
What immigrant groups were hired in large number by the railroad companies?
Irish and Chinese immigrants
What was the eastern terminus and what was the western terminus for the railroad?
Omaha, Nebraska (eastern) and Sacramento, California (western)
Who were the Republican and Democratic presidential candidates in 1876?
Democrat Samuel J. Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes
What deal did leading Republicans and southern Democrats evidently make behind the scenes in late February of 1877?
The deal was that if Hayes were to be elected, he would withdraw the remaining Reconstruction troops from the South
