Exam 4 Flashcards
What were the names given to the two wings of the Republican Party in 1880?
The Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds
How did President Hayes end Reconstruction?
By getting rid of the rest of the Federal troops in the South
The assassination of James A. Garfield led to reform in what area with the passage of the Pendleton Act?
Civil Service
Which party gained a majority in the House in the 1890 mid-term election?
Democratic Party
What was Cleveland’s stance on Union Army veterans’ pensions?
He was opposed to them, thinking that the requests were fraudulent
What law was an attempt to regulate and control business combinations that were in restraint of trade?
Sherman Antitrust Act
What major change was taking place in the U.S. during the late 1800s?
Change from agriculture-based to an industrial-based economy/society
The main purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act was to regulate what industry?
Railroads
Bimetallism was the policy of using what two metals as the standard for money?
Silver and gold
What was the third party formed in the early 1890s primarily by farmers who felt that they were being overlooked by the Republicans and Democrats?
Populist (or People’s) Party
What is the business of managing investments in companies?
Finance capitalism
What agreements brought many immigrants to the U.S.?
Contract labor
What two terms were used to describe the Democrat political leaders?
Redeemers and Bourbons
What facility in New York Harbor completed in 1892 processed millions of immigrants?
Ellis Island
What was the first big industry?
Railroading
Who were involved in the coal mining industry?
Molly Maguires
Who was the leader of the Knights of Labor?
Terence Powderly
What company did James Buchanan Duke form in 1890?
The American Tobacco Company
What did Aaron Montgomery Ward pioneer in?
Catalog sales
Who was the Socialist leader of the American Railway Union?
Eugene V. Debs
In what industries did Cornelius Vanderbilt and John D. Rockefeller create their wealth?
Vanderbilt formed a steamboat company and Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Company of Ohio
What contributed to the Second Industrial Revolution
Electric power
Who were convicted after the Haymaker Riot?
Anarchists
What was another name for the Industrial Workers of the World?
Wobblies
What were the large, occasional events that attracted millions of visitors and showcased new developments?
Expositions
What were some issues in the West in the late 1800s?
Water rights and fencing
Who was a black educator who accepted social segregation and discrimination?
Booker T. Washington
What was passed and then declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?
Income tax
Who was a Democrat presidential nominee in 1896; gave the “Cross of Gold” speech?
William Jennings Bryan
What is the term for a mob execution of a black?
Lynching
Who was a black activist who favored taking action to obtain civil rights for blacks?
W.E.B. Du Bois
What Wisconsin Senator was the leading Progressive spokesman?
Robert M. LaFollette
What country besides Cuba was the target of U.S. attacks during the Spanish-American War?
The Philippines
What was the maximum length of a workday proposed by Progressives?
10 hours
What tactic was used to prevent blacks from voting; it based the ability to vote in 1898 on who could vote in 1867?
The Grandfather Clause
What practice justified racial segregation and was upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson decision?
Separate but Equal
What politician furthered the Progressive cause the most on the national level?
Theodore Roosevelt
What was the term used to describe writers who exposed abuses and failings in American life?
Muckrakers
What was the name of the tax paid to be able to vote; it was a tactic to prevent blacks from voting?
Poll tax
What name was given to a group of extreme Chinese nationalists by Westerners?
Boxers
What was the U.S. population in 1900 to the nearest million?
76 million
What percentage of the population lived in communities of 2,500 or less (was also considered rural)?
60%
What was the average life expectancy in 1900?
47 years old
What was the U.S. rank in the world for industrial output?
They had the first industrial output
What was the movement that provided speakers and entertainment to many towns and cities?
The Chautauqua Movement
What war did Roosevelt help end and receive a Nobel Prize for?
Russo-Japanese War
What is the term used for the filing of suits to break up business trusts?
Trust-busting efforts
The situation in what country was the first test of the Roosevelt Corollary?
The Dominican Republic
Who is credited with significant advances in mass production techniques?
Henry Ford
Ferdinand de Lesseps was involved in what two major canal projects?
The Suez Canal and the Panama Canal
What country’s efforts to build a canal across Panama failed?
France’s
What President encouraged the canal project?
Theodore Roosevelt
For what invention is Guglielmo Marconi recognized?
The radio
What banking system was created in 1913?
The Federal Reserve System
What was the German overture to Mexico to fight against the U.S. called?
The Zimmerman Telegram
Tumultuous events in what western hemisphere country dominated Wilson’s foreign policy during his first term as President?
Mexico
Who led the first American forces to Europe?
General John Pershing
What was Wilson’s plan, revealed in January of 1918, for settling war issues?
“The Fourteen Points”
Who was the Republican nominee for President in 1916 who ran against Woodrow Wilson?
Charles Evans Hughes
The assassination of who led to the Great War?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
What was Wilson’s main agenda item for the treaty and the peace in Versailles?
The formation of a League of Nations
What did Germany have to pay to the victorious nations?
Reparations
What happened to the Treaty of Versailles in the Senate?
It was brought up in the Senate twice, but failed to get enough votes to ratify it and was defeated
What policy of Germany challenged American neutrality?
Submarine warfare
What was the long running military aspect of the Great War?
Trench warfare
What new tax, enabled by the 16th Amendment, did Congress enact to get more revenue?
Personal income tax
What two positions had Woodrow Wilson held immediately before becoming President?
President of Princeton and governor of New Jersey
Who was Wilson’s Secretary of State for most of Wilson’s first term?
William Jennings Bryan
What British passenger liner was sunk on May 7, 1915?
Lusitania
What new commission was formed to oversee companies involved in interstate commerce?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Who was the greatest individual hero of the war?
Alvin C. York
List the first 28 Presidents of the United States in order
(1) George Washington, (2) John Adams, (3) Thomas Jefferson, (4) James Madison, (5) James Monroe, (6) John Quincy Adams, (7) Andrew Jackson, (8) Martin Van Buren, (9) William Henry Harrison, (10) John Tyler, (11) James K. Polk, (12) Zachary Taylor, (13) Millard Fillmore, (14) Franklin Pierce, (15) James Buchanan, (16) Abraham Lincoln, (17) Andrew Johnson (18) Ulysses S. Grant, (19) Rutherford B. Hayes, (20) James A. Garfield, (21) Chester A. Arthur, (22) Grover Cleveland, (23) Benjamin Harrison, (24) Grover Cleveland, (25) William McKinley, (26) Theodore Roosevelt, (27) William Howard Taft, (28) Woodrow Wilson
