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Abi Biology 2017 > Types Of Skeletons > Flashcards

Types Of Skeletons Flashcards

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1
Q

What do animals need to be able to move?

A

Support systems

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2
Q

What does a skeleton do?

A

Offers support and allows the animal to move

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3
Q

How is an animal’s skeleton adapted?

A

To its environment

Its mode of nutrition

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4
Q

What kind of support does an aquatic animal need?

A

Less than an animal

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5
Q

Why do aquatic animals need less support than land animals?

A

The water provides some support

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6
Q

What affects the required effectiveness of a skeleton?

A

The larger and more complex the animal, the more support the animal will need

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7
Q

What are the three types of skeletons?

A

Hydrostatic
Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton

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8
Q

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

A fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles

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9
Q

How does an animal with a hydrostatic skeleton move?

A

The fluid exerts pressure
The muscles contract
This changes the shape of the animal
This brings about movement

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10
Q

What kind of animals have a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

Invertebrate animals with soft bodies

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11
Q

Which animals have a hydrostatic skeleton?

A 
Jellyfish
Sea anemones
Earthworms
Flatworms
Roundworms
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12
Q

What are some advantages for a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

The animal is very flexible

The animal does not need a specialised support system, since these types of animals usually live in water

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13
Q

What are some disadvantages of a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

It does not allow for fast movements
Can only occur in moist environments
Limits the size of an animal
Does not provide much protection

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14
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

A skeleton that exists on the outside of an animal’s body

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15
Q

What kind of animals have an exoskeleton?

A

In many invertebrates

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16
Q

Give an example of a group of animals that have exoskeletons?

A

Arthropods

17
Q

What is an exoskeleton made of?

A

A polysaccharide called chitin

Often strengthened with calcium carbonate

18
Q

What are some advantages of an exoskeleton?

A

Protects underlying tissues from injury
The skeletons provide a place of attachment for muscles; this allows for quick movements
This type of skeleton prevents dessiccation

19
Q

What is dessiccation?

A

Drying out

20
Q

What are some disadvantages to an exoskeleton?

A

Size is limited
Growth is difficult
It is impermeable to gases

21
Q

Why is size limited by an exoskeleton?

A

The bigger the animal, the heavier the skeleton, the harder it is to move

22
Q

How is growth limited by an exoskeleton?

A

Chitin cannot stretch
The animal has to shed its skeleton during growth periods
This new skeleton is soft and leaves the animal vulnerable

23
Q

What is it called when an animal sheds its exoskeleton?

A

Moulting

24
Q

What is an endoskeleton?

A

An internal skeleton

25
Q

What are endoskeletons made of?

A

Bone

Cartilage

26
Q

What are some advantages to an endoskeleton?

A 
Growth is possible
It protects important organs
It gives good structural support
Gives shape to the body
Provides a place of attachment for muscles
Flexibility is possible
27
Q

How is growth possible within an endoskeleton?

A

Bone and cartilage are living tissues, so they can grow with the organism

28
Q

How does an endoskeleton provide flexibility?

A

Joints between bones allow for freer movement

29
Q

What is a disadvantage of an endoskeleton?

A

It does not provide much protection from the outside world, so desiccation is possible

30
Q

What are vertebrate animals?

A

Animals that have a vertebral column

i.e. They have an internal skeleton consisting of bone and/or cartilage

31
Q

What kinds of animals are vertebrates?

A 
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
32
Q

What are invertebrate animals?

A

Animals that do not have a vertebral column

33
Q

Which animals are invertebrates?

A

95% of all animal species

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

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