The Five Kingdoms Flashcards by Abigail Swanepoel

What are the five kingdoms of organisms?

Monera
Protista 
Fungi
Plantae 
Animalia

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What kinds of organisms fall under the Monera kingdom?

Bacteria

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What is the body structure of organisms in the monera kingdom?

Unicellular
Simple
Some like to group together in colonies

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What is the cell structure of the monera kingdom?

Prokaryotic

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What is the composition of the cell wall in the monera kingdom?

They have a cell wal

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What is the mode of nutrition in the monera kingdom?

Some bacteria are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis

Most are heterotrophic

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What kinds of heterotrophs are bacteria?

There are three types of heterotrophic bacteria

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What are the three types of heterotrophic bacteria?

Parasitic
Saprophytic
Mutualistic

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What are parasitic bacteria?

They are dependent on living organisms for food
They live in symbiosis with another organism
The one benefits and the other is harmed

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What is symbiosis?

When two organisms live together

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What are saprophytic bacteria?

Bacteria that are dependent on dead organic matter for food

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What are mutualistic bacteria?

Bacteria live in symbiosis, but both organisms benefit

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What kind of reproduction occurs in the monera kingdom?

Asexual reproduction through binary fission

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What is binary fission?

It is where a single cell divides into two cells of identical DNA composition

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What are the three types of Protista?

Protozoa
Algae
Slime and water moulds

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What are the Protozoa like?

They are animal-like
Unicellular
Heterotrophic

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What are the algae like?

Plant-like
Autotrophic - they have chlorophyll and can photosynthesise
Multicellular

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What are the slime and water moulds like?

They are fungus-like organisms

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What are protists?

Living organisms that are classified under the kingdom Protista

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What is the body structure of protists like?

Some are unicellular and microscopic

Some are multicellular and visible to the naked eye

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What is the cell structure of protists like?

All protists are eukaryotic

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What is the motility of protists like?

They move by means of flagella, cilia and cyclosis

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What is the mode of nutrition of protists?

Algae are autotrophic

The rest are heterotrophic

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What is the reproduction method of protists?

Mostly asexual (binary fission)
Some algae produce sexually

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What kind of environment do protists live in?

They are mostly aquatic | They prefer moist environments

What are the three groups in the Fungi kingdom?

Yeast Mushrooms Moulds

What is the body structure of fungi?

Yeast are unicellular | The rest are multicellular

What is the cell structure of fungi?

Eukaryotic

What is the composition of the cell walls in fungi?

They have cell walls | The walls contain cellulose and chitin

What is the structure of fungi?

The fungal body consists of a mass of branched filaments hyphae

What is the mode of nutrition of the fungi kingdom?

Heterotrophic | They have no chlorophyll

What kinds of heterotrophs are fungi?

Most are saprophytes Some are parasites Some live mutualistically

Give examples of saprophytic fungi

Bread mould | Mushrooms

Give an example of a parasitic fungus

The fungus that causes athlete's foot

What kind of reproduction occurs in the fungi kingdom?

Depends on what kind of fungus it is

What mode of reproduction do unicellular fungi use?

Asexual through binary fission

What kind of reproduction do multicellular fungi use?

Asexual (spores) during favourable conditions | Sexual (gametes) during unfavourable conditions

What are the four divisions in the kingdom plantae?

Bryophyte Pteridophyte Gymnosperm Angiosperms

What are bryophytes?

The simplest of the plants Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

What are pteridophytes?

Ferns

What are gymnosperms?

Seed-bearing non-flowering plants

Give examples of gymnosperms

Conifers Cycads Gnetales Ginkgo

What are angiosperms?

Seed-bearing flowering plants

What is the body structure of the kingdom plantae?

Multicellular | Complex

What is the cell structure of the kingdom plantae?

Eukaryotic

What is the composition of the cell walls in the kingdom plantae?

Have cell walls | Made of cellulose

What is the mode of nutrition of the kingdom plantae?

Autotrophic

What kind of reproduction occurs in the kingdom plantae?

Asexual (spores) | Sexual (male and female gametes)

How is the kingdom animalia divided?

Into phyla

How many phyla are there?

What are the nine most important phyla?

``` Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Mollusca Echinodermata Arthropoda Chordata ```

What is radial symmetry?

Symmetry on any vertical plane

What is bilateral symmetry?

Symmetry on only one plane

What are the characteristics of Porifera?

Thick sack of cells | No vertebral column

What kind of symmetry is present in Cnidaria?

Radial

What are the characteristic of Cnidaria?

Stinging cells | Single digestive opening

What is an example of Porifera?

Sea sponges

What are examples of Cnidaria?

Jelly fish Blue bottles Corals Sea anemone

What kind of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have?

Bilateral

What are the characteristic of Platyhelminthes?

Flat | One digestive opening

What are examples of Platyhelminthes?

Flatworms: planaria, bilharzia worm, tapeworm

What kind of symmetry do Nematoda have?

Nematoda

What are the characteristics of Nematoda?

Round worms | One digestive opening

Give an example of a Nematoda

Hookworm

What kind of symmetry do Annelida have?

Bilateral

What are the characteristics of Annelida?

Have two digestive openings | Segmented worm

What are examples of Annelida?

Earthworm Sea worms Leeches

What kind of symmetry do mollusca have?

Bilateral

What are the characteristics of mollusca?

Soft body | Two digestive openings

What are examples of mollusca?

Snail Octopus Oyster Mussel

What are the characteristics of Echinodermata?

Spiny, leathery skin

What are examples of Echinodermata?

Starfish | Sea urchin

What kind of symmetry do Arthropoda have?

Bilateral

What are the characteristics of Arthropoda?

Exoskeleton | Two digestive openings

What are examples of Arthropoda?

``` Insects Spiders Crustaceans Myriapoda Centipedes ```

What kind of symmetry do Chordata have?

Bilateral

What are the characteristics of Chordata?

They have a vertebral column | They have an endoskeleton

What are examples of Chordata?

``` Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals ```

What is the body structure of the kingdom animalia?

Multicellular | Complex

What is the cell structure of the kingdom animalia?

Eukaryotic

What is the cell wall composition of the kingdom animalia?

They have no cell walls

What is the mode of nutrition of the kingdom animalia?

Heterotrophic

What kind of reproduction is used by the kingdom animalia?

``` Mostly sexual (male and female gametes) Sometimes asexual ```