History Of Clasification Flashcards

1
Q

Why have scientists designed classification systems?

A

As a way to organise biodiversity

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2
Q

How are organisms classified?

A

According to similarities and shared characteristics

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3
Q

What are taxa?

A

The groups into which organisms are classified

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4
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The formal scientific classification of organisms

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5
Q

How were simple classification systems designed?

A

They were mainly based in shared physical characteristics

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6
Q

How did classification systems become more complex?

A

As scientists learnt more about the structure of cells, microorganisms, evolution, genetics and molecular biology

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7
Q

Who was Carl Linnaeus?

A

A Swedish botanist

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8
Q

What did Carl Linnaeus do in 1758?

A

He classified organisms into two kingdoms

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9
Q

What two kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus classify organisms into?

A

Plantae (plants)

Animalia (animals)

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10
Q

What kind of system of classification did Linnaeus use?

A

A hierarchical system

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11
Q

How did Linnaeus’s system work?

A

There were seven taxa under each kingdom into which organisms were classified

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12
Q

What are the seven taxa in the classification system?

A
Kingdom
Phylum/division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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13
Q

What is the difference between phylum and division?

A

Phylum for animals
Division for plants
Same level of classification, just for different things

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14
Q

What kind of classification is used nowadays?

A

A five-kingdom system

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15
Q

Why do we now use a five-kingdom system instead of a two-kingdom system?

A

More scientific information about organisms has been obtained, so we need more categories

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16
Q

Who proposed the five-kingdom system?

A

Robert Whittaker

17
Q

What six main things are used to classify organisms into the five kingdoms?

A
Body structure
Cell structure
Composition of cell wall
Motility
Mode of nutrition
Method of reproduction
18
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at body structure?

A

Unicellular? Multicellular? Colonies?

19
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at cell structure?

A

Nucleus? Types of organelles (chloroplasts)?

20
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at composition of cell wall?

A

Cellulose? Chitin? No cell wall?

21
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at motility?

A

Mobile / immobile

22
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at mode of nutrition?

A

Autotrophic? Heterotrophic?

23
Q

What sorts of things are observed when looking at method of reproduction?

A

Binary fission? Asexual? Sexual?

24
Q

What two broad groups can organisms be divided into according to their cell structure?

A

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

25
What are prokaryotes?
Organism with cells that do not have true nuclei Their DNA is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane No true organelles occur in the cytoplasm
26
Which kingdom of organisms are prokaryotes?
Monera
27
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms with cells that have true nuclei Their DNA is enclosed by a nuclear membrane True organelles occur in the cytoplasm
28
Which kingdoms of organism are eukaryotes?
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia