Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abi Biology 2017 > Animal Tissues > Flashcards

Animal Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of animal tissue are there?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four types of animal tissue?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many types of epithelial tissue are there?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many types of connective tissue are there?

A

Five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many types of muscle tissue are there?

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many types of nerve tissue are there?

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four types of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the five types of connective tissue?

A 
Areolar
Dense
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Striated
Smooth
Cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three types of nerve tissue?

A

Motor
Sensory
Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

Cover internal and external surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the general appearance of epithelial tissue?

A

Tightly packed
Few intercellular air spaces
Little material between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is simple epithelial tissue?

A

Single cellular layer

Rests on a basal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stratified epithelial tissue?

A

Multiple layers of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where can squamous epithelium be found?

A

In the internal walls of cavities

Blood vessels, heart, alveoli, mouth oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is endothelium?

A

The squamous epithelium that lines the inside of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is endocardium?

A

The squamous epithelium that lines the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does squamous epithelium look like?

A 
Single layer
Thin
Flat
Tightly packed
Arranged Ina mosaic pattern
Nucleus horizontally flat and oval shaped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does squamous epithelium do?

A

Prevents friction
Is permeable to gases and liquids
Protects underlying tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where can cuboidal epithelium be found?

A 
Lines glands that secrete or absorb
Thyroid gland
Sweat glands
Salivary glands
Renal tubules
Embryonic epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is embryonic epithelium?

A

Gives rise to ova

And sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does cuboidal epithelium look like?

A

Cube shaped

Nuclei are round and occur in the centre of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?

A

Secretion

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is secretion?

A

Release of useful substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is absorption?
Taking in substances
26
Where does columnar epithelium occur?
``` Alimentary canal If performing a sensory function: Nose Ears Taste-buds ```
27
What does columnar epithelium look like?
Elongated (column shaped) | Nuclei near the base of cells
28
What are goblet cells?
Columnar epithelium with a dip
29
What do goblet cells do?
Secrete mucous
30
What is the function of columnar epithelium?
Absorption Secretion Sensation
31
What forms multicellular glands?
Specialised cuboidal and columnar epithelium
32
What substances do multicellular glands secrete?
``` Enzymes Hormones Milk Mucous Sweat Wax Saliva ```
33
Where can ciliated epithelium be found?
``` Nasal cavities Trachea Bronchi Sensory organs (ear) Fallopian tubes Uterus ```
34
What does ciliated epithelium look like?
Columnar cells | With fine hairs (cilia)
35
What do the cilia on ciliated epithelium do?
Perform fast, rhythmical wave-like movements
36
What is the function of ciliated epithelium?
Move mucous away from the lungs (particularly dust particles trapped within the mucous) Detect stimuli in sensory organs Move the ovum
37
What does connective tissue do?
Binds, supports or surrounds other tissues or organs
38
What makes up the largest part of connective tissue?
The matrix that occurs between the cells and fibres
39
What can the matrix be?
Non-living Fluid Semi-fluid/jelly-like Solid
40
Where can areolar connective tissue be found?
Layer beneath the skin | As packing tissue (between organs, blood vessels, nerves and muscles)
41
What is the areolar tissue like?
Jelly-like matrix Two types of fibres within it With other cells dispersed in it
42
What two kinds of fibres can be found in areolar connective tissue?
Yellow | White
43
What are yellow areolar fibres like?
Elastic | Branched
44
What are white areolar fibres like?
Inelastic collagen | Parallel
45
What cells can be scattered in the matrix of areolar tissue?
``` Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast cells Fat cells Lymphocytes ```
46
What does areolar connective tissue do?
Prevents heat loss (insulation) | Protects the organs (as packing tissue)
47
What is adipose?
Areolar connective tissue that has a large number of fat cells
48
Where can dense connective tissue be found?
Near muscles and bones | In joints
49
What are the two types of dense connective?
Tendons | Ligaments
50
What are ligaments like?
Connect bone to bone | Are elastic
51
What are tendons like?
Inelastic | Connect muscle to bone
52
What is dense connective tissue like?
Small amount of matrix Small number of cells Lots of parallel fibres
53
How does a ligament differ from a tendon in appearance?
Ligament: more yellow fibres Tendon: more white fibres
54
What do ligaments do?
Permit a degree of movement in joints
55
What do tendons do?
Relay muscle contraction and relaxation to the bone so that movement can take place
56
What is cartilage?
Tough elastic connective tissue | Forms part of the endoskeleton for vertebrates
57
Where can cartilage be found?
Between bones Lines joints Forms some permanent structures (pinna, tip of the nose, c-shaped rings in the trachea)
58
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline Fibrous Elastic
59
What is hyaline cartilage like?
Glass-like | Has few fibres
60
What is fibrous cartilage like?
Has many white collagen fibres
61
What is elastic cartilage like?
Has many yellow fibres
62
What is cartilage like?
Has a tough, rubbery matrix Has lacunae Has Chondrocytes Is enclosed by the perichondrium
63
What does cartilage matrix consist of?
Mainly the protein chondrin
64
What are lacunae?
Fluid-filled spaces
65
What are chondrocytes?
Cartilage cells that secrete the matrix
66
How do chondrocytes occur?
In the lacunae Alone In pairs Groups of four
67
What is the perichondrium?
A fibrous membrane that surrounds the cartilage
68
What does cartilage do?
``` Connects bones Deepens joint sockets to prevent dislocation without hindering movement Shock absorption Forms permanent structures Prevents friction Keeps tubes open ```
69
Where does bone occur?
In the skeletons of vertebrates
70
What is bone like?
Harder than cartilage
71
What is the structure of bone like?
``` Hard matrix Haversian canals Lamellae Lacunae Osteocyte Canaliculi Periosteum ```
72
What does the hard matrix of bone consist of?
Calcium phosphate | Calcium carbonate
73
What are Haversian canals?
Longitudinal canals that occur in bone tissue
74
What do Haversian canals do?
Contain blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels
75
What are the lamellae?
Concentric layers which surround the Haversian canal
76
What are lacunae?
Fluid spaces
77
Where can the lacunae of bone be found?
In the lamellae
78
What is an osteocyte?
A bone cell
79
Where do osteocytes occur?
In bone lacunae
80
What are canaliculi?
Small canals that connect lacunae and lamellae
81
What is a periosteum?
A fibrous membrane that encloses bone
82
What is a Haversian system?
A group of concentric lamellae which surround the Haversian canal
83
What is the function of bone?
``` Supporting framework Protection for delicate organs Attachment Manufacturing of blood corpuscles Storage of minerals ```
84
Why is blood a unique connective tissue?
It is the only liquid connective tissue | Contains no fibres
85
Where can blood be found?
In blood vessels
86
What are the three types of blood cells?
Leucocytes Erythrocytes Thrombocytes
87
What is the matrix of blood?
Blood plasma
88
What is blood plasma like?
Yellow | Watery
89
What are leucocytes?
White blood cells
90
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
91
What are thrombocytes?
Platelets
92
How much water does blood plasma contain?
90%
93
What is 10% of blood plasma?
Dissolved substances
94
What kinds of substances does blood plasma contain?
``` Glucose Fats Mineral salts Enzymes Antibodies Amino acids Vitamins Hormones Gases (O2 and CO2) Plasma proteins ```
95
What are the plasma proteins?
Fibrinogen | Albumin
96
What is the function of blood plasma?
``` Transportation of nutrients Transportation of waste products Regulates body temperature Transports hormones Coagulation ```
97
What is coagulation?
Blood-clotting
98
What do erythrocytes look like?
``` Disc-like Do not contain nuclei Soft and pliable Can be squashed through capillaries Biconcave Contains haemoglobin ```
99
Why is is useful for erythrocytes to be squashed when they enter capillaries?
The slower movement allows for more efficient gaseous exchange
100
What does it mean to be biconcave?
Indented on both sides
101
Why are erythrocytes biconcave?
To allow a greater surface area for maximum absorption
102
What is haemoglobin?
An iron-containing protein Acts as a carrier molecule for oxygen and carbon dioxide Gives blood its red colour
103
What do erythrocytes do?
Transport oxygen | Transport carbon dioxide
104
What is haemoglobin called when it is bound to oxygen?
Oxyhaemoglobin
105
What is haemoglobin called when it is bound to carbon dioxide?
Carbaminohaemoglobin
106
What effect does air pressure have on blood?
The higher the air pressure, the lower the rate of erythrocyte production
107
What do leucocytes look like?
``` Larger than erythrocytes Irregularly shaped Slightly transparent Virtually colourless Have a nucleus ```
108
What ability do leucocytes have that improves their function?
They can move between cells | They can move through the walls of capillaries
109
What are the two types of leucocytes?
Phagocytes | Lymphocytes
110
What do phagocytes do?
Engulf bacteria and foreign substances | They protect the body from infection and disease in this way
111
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies which destroy bacteria and viruses
112
What do thrombocytes look like?
Flat discs | Do not contain nuclei
113
What do thrombocytes do?
Help to close damaged blood vessels (through blood clotting)
114
What is the general function of muscle tissue?
To contract and relax in order to cause movement
115
What is another name for striated muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscles
116
Where can skeletal muscles be found?
Attached to bone
117
What are skeletal muscles like?
Made up of muscle fibres
118
What are muscle fibres like?
``` A long cylindrical cell Contains light and dark bands Consists of sarcoplasm Has a large number of oval nuclei Many mitochondria Contains thousands of myofibrils Enclosed by the sarcolemma ```
119
Why do skeletal muscles appear to be striated?
The light and dark bands of the muscle fibres cause this
120
What is sarcoplasm?
The cytoplasm within a muscle cell
121
What is a sarcolemma?
The membrane which encloses a muscle cell
122
What do skeletal muscles do?
Allow for voluntary movement Cause the movement of the skeleton Work in pairs These pairs contract and relax to result in coordinated movement
123
Where can smooth muscle tissue be found?
``` Alimentary canal Bladder Blood vessels Uterus Not attached to bone ```
124
What is smooth muscle tissue like?
Spindle-shaped fibres One large oval nucleus per fibre Also has sarcoplasm Also has a sarcolemma
125
What does smooth muscle tissue do?
Allows for involuntary movement Results in slow, rhythmic movements Enables peristalsis to take place Regulates blood flow
126
Where can cardiac muscle tissue be found?
In the walls of the heart
127
What is cardiac muscle tissue like?
``` Branched fibres Myocardial bridges Fibres are cross striated Fibres have a single nucleus in the centre Also has sarcoplasm Has a thin sarcolemma ```
128
What are myocardial bridges?
The muscular bridges that connect cardiac muscle fibres | They ensure the cardiac muscle functions as a unit
129
What does cardiac muscle do?
Displays automatism Results in the uninterrupted, involuntary contraction and relaxation of the heart This cause the heart to 'pump' blood
130
What is nerve tissue made up of?
Neurons
131
What are the two types of nervous system?
Central | Peripheral
132
Where can the central nervous system be found?
In the spinal cord | In the brain
133
Where does the peripheral nervous system occur?
Outside of the central nervous system
134
What does a neuron look like?
It has a cell body | It has outgrowths
135
What are the types of neural outgrowths?
Dendrites | Axons
136
What does the cell body of a neuron look like?
Has cytoplasm Has a prominent nucleus Has Nissl granules
137
What are Nissl granules?
Small dark bodies that are found in neural cytoplasm
138
What are neural outgrowths?
Nerve fibres which extend from the cell body
139
What is a dendrite?
An outgrowth which conducts nerve impulses to the cell body | There can be multiple outgrowths
140
What is an axon?
Long outgrowth which carries nerve impulses away from the cell body Enclosed by a myelin sheath There is a single axon for each neuron
141
What is the myelin sheath?
A fatty layer around the axon
142
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Insulates the axon | Increases the speed of nerve impulses
143
What do sensory neurons do?
Conduct impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
144
What kind of receptors do sensory neurons conduct impulses from?
Touch receptors Free nerve endings Sensory organs
145
What is the function of motor neurons?
Conduct impulses from the brain to effectors
146
What are effectors?
Muscles and glands
147
What is the function of interneurons?
Conduct impulses between the motor and sensory neurons in the central nervous system
148
What is the function of nerve tissue?
Allows an organism to receive stimuli | Allows them to respond by transmitting impulses

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions