Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abi Biology 2017 > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division of somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is mitosis necessary?

A

For growth

To replace dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a histone?

A

The protein around which DNA folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many chromosomes does a human cell have?

A

46

23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do chromosomes look like when replicated?

A

Like an x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does an unreplicated chromosome look like?

A

Like a vague S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first phase of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

Three phases occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the phases within interphase?

A

G1
S
G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens during the G1 phase?

A

The cell grows

The cellular content replicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

Synthesis

DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens during the G2 phase?

A

The cell checks that replication happened correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many phases of karyokinesis are there?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

The one half of the ‘x’ of a replicated chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What connects the two chromatids of a chromosome?

A

The centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you remember the four phases of mitosis?

A

PMAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

The nuclear membrane, nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate
Chromosomes condense
In an animal cell, the centrioli move to opposite poles
They form spindle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

The chromosomes line up down the equatorial line (in the middle of the cell)
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The spindle fibres of the centrioles shorten and pull the chromosomes apart
Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Cytokinesis begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

The nuclear and plasma membrane form in the different daughter cells
Nucleolus forms
Spindle fibres disappear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cells separate
Animal: cytoplasm invaginate
Plant: transverse wall /cell plate forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

A

A mother cell divides to form two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do the daughter cells differ, either from the mother cell or from each other?

A

No, they are all identical and have the same genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are chromosomes?
Thread-like structures found in the cell nucleus in all cells
26
What do chromosomes do?
Transfer hereditary characteristics from generation to generation
27
How do chromosomes appear when not dividing?
As a mass of threads in the nucleus called the chromatin network
28
What happens to the chromatin network when the cells divide?
The chromatin network condenses The threads become thicker and shorter They become single stranded chromosomes
29
What is the structure of a chromosome like?
The nucleic acid DNA that is wrapped helically around histones
30
What is a gene?
A DNA segment along the length of each chromosome
31
What does a gene do?
Controls a specific hereditary characteristic
32
What is replication?
When all genetic material in the nucleus duplicates itself
33
How does the chromosome appear after replication?
Two identical units called chromatids
34
How are chromatids joined?
By a centromere
35
What happens when a cell gets cancer?
Its mitosis is no longer controlled
36
What causes cancer?
A mutation in a particular part of the DNA
37
What does your body do to try and prevent cancer?
The checks before prophase | The cell will "commit suicide"
38
What can cause cancer?
Carcinogens (cancer causing agents)
39
What is a tumour?
A mass of cells
40
What are the two types of tumours?
Benign | Malignant
41
What is a benign tumour?
A tumour that doesn't grow Does not penetrate tissues Usually enclosed in a capsule
42
What is a malignant tumour?
A tumour that grows
43
What does a malignant tumour do?
Squashes healthy cells | Steals nutrients from other cells
44
How are cancer cells different?
They do not listen to signals to stop growing | Spread around the body
45
How do cancer cells spread to the rest of the body?
Through the blood stream
46
How do cancer cells steal nutrients?
They produce proteins to grow blood vessels
47
What is metastasis?
It refers to the spread of malignant cancer cells
48
How is cancer identified?
Sometimes physical lumps are visible Sometimes symptoms can indicate it Blood tests can reveal whether you truly do have cancer
49
What does a carcinogen do?
Causes a change or mutation in the DNA
50
What are examples of carcinogens?
``` Cigarette smoke Radiation X rays UV light Food additives Dangerous chemicals A virus can cause cancer as well ```
51
How can a virus cause cancer?
Viruses mutate cells' DNA | This can cause the cell to become cancerous
52
What kind of viruses can cause cancer?
``` HPV virus (cervical cancer) Hepatitis B or C ```
53
Is cancer contagious?
No, but the causes (like the viruses) are sometimes contagious
54
Is it true that only females can get breast cancer?
No, males can get it too
55
What is a doctor that treats and deals with cancer?
Oncologist
56
What kind of tests are used to identify cancer?
X-rays: to look for a tumour Blood tests Biopsy- to test the actual tumour cells
57
What are some of the cancer treatments?
Chemotherapy Removal Radiotherapy Cryotherapy
58
What is chemotherapy?
The patient is given a mixture of chemicals to destroy the cancer cells
59
What is radiotherapy?
When radiation is used to focus on the particular spot where the cancer is
60
What is cryotherapy?
The cancer cells are frozen with liquid nitrogen
61
What ability do cells in multicellular organisms have?
To divide continuously
61
What two types of cells exist in the human body?
Somatic cells | Gametes
62
What are somatic cells?
Body cells
63
What are gametes?
Sex cells | Female eggs or male sperm
64
What kind of cell division is when gametes are formed?
Meiosis
65
What is the cell cycle?
The period during which a cell grows, replicates and divides
66
How is the cell cycle divided?
Interphase | Mitosis
67
What is the longest part of the cell cycle?
Interphase
68
What is interphase?
The period between two consecutive cell divisions
69
What are the two phases of mitosis?
Karyokinesis | Cytokinesis
70
What is karyokinesis?
Division of the nucleus and chromosomes
71
What is cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane
72
Why is mitosis important?
Growth Repairs Worn out cells are replaced In some plants: asexual reproduction
73
What happens to a cancer cell?
It loses its original function

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions