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Abi Biology 2017 > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the high pressure in arteries cause? (In terms of the blood plasma)

A

Blood plasma to be forced out of the capillaries and into the tissues

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2
Q

What are three fluids that have the same chemical composition?

A

Blood plasma
Tissue fluid
Lymph

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3
Q

Why do these three fluids have different names?

A

Because of where they occur

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4
Q

Where does blood plasma occur?

A

In the blood vessels

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5
Q

Where does tissue fluid occur?

A

Between the cells of tissues

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6
Q

Where does lymph occur?

A

In the lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Drains the tissue fluid between cells and transports it back to the bloodstream

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8
Q

Why does tissue fluid need to be drained?

A

Only a very small amount of it goes back into the capillaries
If left, it will accumulate and put pressure on the cells around it
It also needs to be drained because of plasma proteins

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9
Q

What are the smallest lymph vessels known as?

A

Lymph capillaries

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10
Q

Where do lymph capillaries occur?

A

They branch between the cells of tissues

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11
Q

What are lymph capillaries like?

A

They are small

They have blind-endings

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12
Q

What do lymph capillaries do as they get further away from the blood capillaries?

A

Unite

Form larger lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

What do lymphatic vessels eventually do?

A

Open into the main lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

How many main lymphatic vessels are there?

A

Two

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15
Q

What are the two main lymphatic vessels?

A

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

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16
Q

Which lymph vessels open into the thoracic duct?

A

In the lower limbs, intestines, left side of the chest, left arm, left side of the head and neck

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17
Q

How does the thoracic duct connect to the blood circulatory system?

A

By opening into the left subclavian vein

18
Q

Where does lymph go?

A

Back into the blood circulatory system

19
Q

Which lymphatic vessels open into the right lymphatic duct?

A

Vessels from the right side of the chest, right arm, right side of the neck and head

20
Q

How does lymph from the right lymphatic duct get back into the blood circulatory system?

A

It opens up into the right subclavian vein

21
Q

What is the pressure like in the lymphatic vessels?

A

Very low

22
Q

Why is the pressure low in the lymphatic vessels?

A

There is no pumping organ to apply pressure

23
Q

How is lymph moved through the lymphatic vessels?

A

By the movement of internal organs

By the contraction of skeletal muscles

24
Q

Are there valves in the lymphatic vessels?

A

Yes

25
Q

What kind of valves exist in the lymphatic vessels?

A

Semilunar

26
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Act as filters

Trap foreign particles

27
Q

What are lymph nodes also known as?

A

Lymph glands

28
Q

What do lymph nodes look like?

A

Small

Bean-shaped

29
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

Throughout the body

Close to the lymphatic vessels

30
Q

Where can larger concentrations of lymph nodes be found?

A

Armpits
Groin
Neck

31
Q

Give an example lymph glands

A

Tonsils

32
Q

How do lymph nodes prevent infection?

A

They produce lymphocytes and antibodies

33
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells

34
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Engulf and destroy bacteria

35
Q

What happens to the lymph nodes when there is an infection in the body?

A

They swell

36
Q

Why do lymph nodes swell when there is an infection in the body?

A

Due to the increase in lymphocytes and trapped substances

37
Q

Why do plasma proteins need to be transported back to the blood circulatory system?

A

Large concentrations of these proteins can be life threatening

38
Q

What is oedema?

A

Swelling that occurs when tissue fluid accumulates

39
Q

Where is another place (apart from around capillaries) that lymphatic vessels occur?

A

In villi in the small intestine

40
Q

What are lymphatic vessels in the villi called?

A

Lacteals

41
Q

What do lacteals do?

A

Absorb fats and open into larger lymphatic vessels, which transports these fats back into the blood stream

42
Q

Is the lymphatic system closed?

A

No

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

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