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Abi Biology 2017 > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

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2
Q

What are the girdles?

A

“Belts” around the upper and lower parts of the axial skeleton

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3
Q

What do the girdles do?

A

Join the upper and lower limbs to the axial skeleton

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4
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

Two scapulae

Two clavicles

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5
Q

What is another name for the scapula?

A

Shoulder blade

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6
Q

What is another name for the clavicle?

A

Collarbone

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7
Q

What is the scapula?

A

A large, flat, triangular bone with a prominent ridge on the back for the attachment of muscles

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8
Q

Where is the scapula situated?

A

Not attached to the axial skeleton

It slides over the back of the ribs

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9
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

A shallow socket in the scapula

The head of the humerus fits into this cavity

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10
Q

What is a socket?

A

An articular facet

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11
Q

What is the clavicle?

A

An s-shaped bone

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12
Q

Where can the clavicle be found?

A

It articulates with the scapula on the one side

It articulates with the sternum on the other side

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13
Q

What do the upper limbs consist of?

A

Six different types of bone

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14
Q

What are the six types of bones that make up the upper limbs?

A 
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
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15
Q

What is the humerus and where can it be found?

A

A long bone

It stretches from the scapula to the elbow

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16
Q

What kind of joint exists where the humerus joins the scapula?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

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17
Q

What kind of joint exists at the elbow?

A

A hinge joint

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18
Q

What is the ulna?

A

The largest bone of the two in the forearm

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19
Q

Where is the ulna situated?

A

On the little finger side of the hand

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20
Q

How does the ulna articulate with the humerus?

A

It has a c-shaped articular facet which, together with the humerus, forms the elbow joint

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21
Q

What is the radius?

A

The thinner one of the two bones in the forearm

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22
Q

Where is the radius situated?

A

On the thumb side

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23
Q

What is the structure of the radius like?

A

It is wider on the lower end than on the upper end

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24
Q

What does the radius articulate with?

A

The carpals

To form the wrist joint

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25
What are the carpals?
Small short bones
26
How many carpals are in each wrist?
Eight
27
How are the carpals arranged?
In two rows of four
28
What kind of joint exists at the carpals?
A gliding/sliding joint
29
What do metacarpals form?
The palm of the hand
30
How many metacarpals are in each hand?
Five
31
What do the phalanges in the hand form?
The fingers
32
How many phalanges are in each hand?
Fourteen
33
How many phalanges are in each finger?
Three in each, HOWEVER | The thumb has two
34
What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
Two hip bones that are joined in the middle by a semi-movable joint
35
What is the semi-movable joint that connects the two hip bones?
The pubic symphysis
36
What are the hip bones made out of?
Ilium Ischium Pubis
37
What is another name for the pubis?
The pubic bone
38
Where is the ilium situated?
At the top of the pelvic girdle
39
What does the ilium look like?
They are the rounded, flat sections of the pelvic girdle | They resemble an elephant's ears
40
Where is the ischium situated?
At the bottom of the pelvic girdle
41
What does the ischium look like?
They resemble two loops
42
Where is the pubis situated?
They are the bones which lead from the ischium to the pubic symphysis
43
Where does the head of the femur fit into the pelvic girdle?
At the acetabulum
44
What is the acetabulum?
A deep socket which occurs where the three bones of the hip are fused
45
What kind of joint exists in the acetabulum?
A ball-and-socket joint
46
What do the hip bones connect to at the back of the pelvic girdle?
The sacrum
47
Is the pelvic girdle of a female different to that of a male?
Yes
48
How do the pelvic girdles of the male and female differ?
The pelvic girdle of a female is wider
49
Why is the pelvic girdle of a female wider than that of a male?
The female body is adapted to giving birth
50
What do the lower limbs consist of?
Seven different types of bones
51
What are the seven different types of bones found in the lower limbs?
``` Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges ```
52
What is the femur?
The largest and longest bone in the human body
53
Where is the femur situated?
It stretches between the hip socket and the knee joint
54
What is on the lower end of the femur?
Two articular condyles which articulate with the tibia
55
What kind of joint exists at the knee?
Hinge joint
56
What is the patella?
A flat, triangular bone
57
Where does the patella occur?
In front of the femur
58
What does the patella do?
Forms part of the knee joint
59
What is the tibia?
The largest of the two bones in the lower leg
60
What does the upper end of the tibia have?
Two articular condyles which articulate with the femur in the knee joint
61
What does the lower end of the tibia articulate with?
One of the tarsals to form part of the ankle joint
62
What is the fibula?
The thinner of the two bones in the lower leg
63
Where is the fibula situated?
Slightly behind the tibia | On the outside of the tibia
64
What does the fibula look like?
It is wider on the bottom than on the top
65
What does the fibula articulate with?
The tarsals to form the ankle joint
66
What are the tarsals?
The bones that form the ankle and heel
67
How many tarsals are there in each foot?
Seven
68
Which tarsal forms the heel bone?
The calcaneum
69
Which tarsal is the largest?
Calcaneum
70
What muscle is attached to the calcaneum?
The calf muscle
71
What do the metatarsals form?
The arch of the foot
72
How many metatarsals are in each foot?
Five
73
What do the phalanges in the foot form?
The toes
74
How many phalanges are in each foot?
Fourteen
75
How many phalanges are in each toe?
Three HOWEVER | the big toe has two

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

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