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Biology 1020 > tutorial: Fungi > Flashcards

tutorial: Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

are most fungi septate or aseptate

A

septate

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2
Q

septate vs aseptate

A

septate
1. hyphae divided by cross-walls called septa
2. septa have pores large enough for cytoplasm but NOT nuclei to flow from cell to cell

aseptate
1. AKA coenocytic
2. lack of septa
3. a continuous cytoplasmic mass with lots of nuclei

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3
Q

Chytridiomycota common name

A

Chytrids

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4
Q

Zygomycota common name

A

Zygomycetes (bread moulds)

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5
Q

ascomycota common name

A

Ascomycetes (sac fungi)

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6
Q

Basidiomycota common name

A

Basidomycetes (club fungi)

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7
Q

Glomeromycota common name

A

Glomeromycetes

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8
Q

are Glomeromycota septate or coenocytic

A

coenocytic

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9
Q

are Basidiomycota septate or coenocytic

A

septate

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10
Q

are Ascomycota septate or coenocytic

A

septate

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11
Q

are Zygomycota septate or coenocytic

A

coenocytic

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12
Q

are Chytridiomycota septate or coenocytic

A

coenocytic

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13
Q

Chytridiomycota reproductive structure characteristics

A

asexual - flagellated zoospores

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14
Q

Zygomycota reproductive structure characteristics

A

Asexual
1. sporangia

Sexual
1. zygosporangia

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15
Q

Ascomycota reproductive structure characteristics

A

sexual
1. ascospores

asexual
1. conidia

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16
Q

Basidiomycota reproductive structure characteristics

A

asexual
1. absent

sexual
1. basidiospores

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17
Q

Glomeromycota reproductive structure characteristics

A

asexual
1. ONLY KNOWN
2. via spores of fragmentation

18
Q

what fungi is this
mostly marine

A

Chytridiomycota

19
Q

what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. parasites
3. neutral symbionts

A

Zygomycota

20
Q

what fungi is this
MOST DIVERSE fungal group

A

Ascomycota

21
Q

what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. ectomycorrhizal fungi

A

Basidiomycota

22
Q

what fungi is this
1. form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots

A

Glomeromycota

23
Q

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
sexual reproduction

A

Zygomycetes
1. initiated by hyphal extensions (gametangia) of different mating types fusing
2. forms a resistant zygospornagium

ascomycetes
1. initiated by conidia fusing to hyphae and undergoing plasmogamy and karyogamy
2. produces sexual spores (ascospores) INTERNALLY in sacs

24
Q

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
fruiting bodies

A

Zygomycetes
1. NO elaborate fruiting bodies
2. produce simple sporangia

ascomycetes
1. produce sexual fruiting bodies (ascocarps)
2. contain sexual spore-producing asci

25
Q

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
asexual reproduction

A

Zygomycetes
1. Asexual spores made INTERNALLY in bulbous black sporangia

ascomycetes
1. produce asexual spores (conidia) EXTERNALLY on conidiophores

26
Q

Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
post-plasmogamy

A

Zygomycetes
1. short heterokaryotic phase

ascomycetes
1. extended dikaryotic phase
2. INCREASED opportunity for genetic recombination

27
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
karyogamy

A

Ascomycetes
1. occurs within each ascus

Basidiomycetes
1. occurs in each basidium

28
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
sexual fruiting bodies

A

Ascomycetes
1. ascocarps

Basidiomycetes
2. basidiocarps

29
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
meiosis and mitosis

A

Ascomycetes
1. meiosis in each ascus produces FOUR haploid nuclei that undergo mitosis to produce EIGHT haploid nuclei
2. MEIOSIS FOLLOWED BY MITOSIS

Basidiomycetes
1. meiosis in each basidium produces haploid nuclei that develop into FOUR external basidiospores
2. NO mitotic event

30
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
sexual spores

A

Ascomycetes
1. ascospores
2. BORNE INTERNALLY in asci

Basidiomycetes
1. Basidiospores
2. borne EXTERNALLY in basidia

31
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
asexual reproduction

A

Ascomycetes
1. produce asexual spores (conidia) on external conidiophores

Basidiomycetes
1. NONE

32
Q

Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
Dikaryotic stage

A

BOTH have extended dikaryotic phase - an increased opportunity for genetic recombination

33
Q

plasmogamy

A

union of cytoplasm of two-parent mycelium (n+N)

34
Q

karyogamy

A

haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse = produce 2n cells

35
Q

all fungi share what feature

A

absorption of nutrients and heterotrophic nutrition

36
Q

what enables the quick rate of growth of a fungal mycelium

A

rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming

37
Q

the vegetative bodies of MOST fungi are

A
  1. composed of hyphae
  2. referred to as mycelium
  3. underground
38
Q

ascomycete name comes from what aspect of their life cycle

A

sexual structures (ascus)

39
Q

what fungal structure is associated with ASEXUAL reproduction
1. zygospore
2. basidium
3. conidium
4. ascus

A

conidium

40
Q

largest to smallest
1. basidiocarp
2. basidium
3. basidiospore
4. hypha
5. gill

A

4 - 1 - 5 - 2 - 3

41
Q

NOT shared by both chytrids and other fungi
1. hyphae
2. absorptive nutrition
3. flagellated zoospores
4. chitin cell walls

A

3 - zoospores

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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