tutorial: Fungi Flashcards
are most fungi septate or aseptate
septate
septate vs aseptate
septate
1. hyphae divided by cross-walls called septa
2. septa have pores large enough for cytoplasm but NOT nuclei to flow from cell to cell
aseptate
1. AKA coenocytic
2. lack of septa
3. a continuous cytoplasmic mass with lots of nuclei
Chytridiomycota common name
Chytrids
Zygomycota common name
Zygomycetes (bread moulds)
ascomycota common name
Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Basidiomycota common name
Basidomycetes (club fungi)
Glomeromycota common name
Glomeromycetes
are Glomeromycota septate or coenocytic
coenocytic
are Basidiomycota septate or coenocytic
septate
are Ascomycota septate or coenocytic
septate
are Zygomycota septate or coenocytic
coenocytic
are Chytridiomycota septate or coenocytic
coenocytic
Chytridiomycota reproductive structure characteristics
asexual - flagellated zoospores
Zygomycota reproductive structure characteristics
Asexual
1. sporangia
Sexual
1. zygosporangia
Ascomycota reproductive structure characteristics
sexual
1. ascospores
asexual
1. conidia
Basidiomycota reproductive structure characteristics
asexual
1. absent
sexual
1. basidiospores
Glomeromycota reproductive structure characteristics
asexual
1. ONLY KNOWN
2. via spores of fragmentation
what fungi is this
mostly marine
Chytridiomycota
what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. parasites
3. neutral symbionts
Zygomycota
what fungi is this
MOST DIVERSE fungal group
Ascomycota
what fungi is this
1. decomposers
2. ectomycorrhizal fungi
Basidiomycota
what fungi is this
1. form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots
Glomeromycota
Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
sexual reproduction
Zygomycetes
1. initiated by hyphal extensions (gametangia) of different mating types fusing
2. forms a resistant zygospornagium
ascomycetes
1. initiated by conidia fusing to hyphae and undergoing plasmogamy and karyogamy
2. produces sexual spores (ascospores) INTERNALLY in sacs
Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
fruiting bodies
Zygomycetes
1. NO elaborate fruiting bodies
2. produce simple sporangia
ascomycetes
1. produce sexual fruiting bodies (ascocarps)
2. contain sexual spore-producing asci
Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
asexual reproduction
Zygomycetes
1. Asexual spores made INTERNALLY in bulbous black sporangia
ascomycetes
1. produce asexual spores (conidia) EXTERNALLY on conidiophores
Zygomycetes vs ascomycetes
post-plasmogamy
Zygomycetes
1. short heterokaryotic phase
ascomycetes
1. extended dikaryotic phase
2. INCREASED opportunity for genetic recombination
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
karyogamy
Ascomycetes
1. occurs within each ascus
Basidiomycetes
1. occurs in each basidium
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
sexual fruiting bodies
Ascomycetes
1. ascocarps
Basidiomycetes
2. basidiocarps
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
meiosis and mitosis
Ascomycetes
1. meiosis in each ascus produces FOUR haploid nuclei that undergo mitosis to produce EIGHT haploid nuclei
2. MEIOSIS FOLLOWED BY MITOSIS
Basidiomycetes
1. meiosis in each basidium produces haploid nuclei that develop into FOUR external basidiospores
2. NO mitotic event
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
sexual spores
Ascomycetes
1. ascospores
2. BORNE INTERNALLY in asci
Basidiomycetes
1. Basidiospores
2. borne EXTERNALLY in basidia
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
asexual reproduction
Ascomycetes
1. produce asexual spores (conidia) on external conidiophores
Basidiomycetes
1. NONE
Ascomycetes vs Basidiomycetes
Dikaryotic stage
BOTH have extended dikaryotic phase - an increased opportunity for genetic recombination
plasmogamy
union of cytoplasm of two-parent mycelium (n+N)
karyogamy
haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents fuse = produce 2n cells
all fungi share what feature
absorption of nutrients and heterotrophic nutrition
what enables the quick rate of growth of a fungal mycelium
rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming
the vegetative bodies of MOST fungi are
- composed of hyphae
- referred to as mycelium
- underground
ascomycete name comes from what aspect of their life cycle
sexual structures (ascus)
what fungal structure is associated with ASEXUAL reproduction
1. zygospore
2. basidium
3. conidium
4. ascus
conidium
largest to smallest
1. basidiocarp
2. basidium
3. basidiospore
4. hypha
5. gill
4 - 1 - 5 - 2 - 3
NOT shared by both chytrids and other fungi
1. hyphae
2. absorptive nutrition
3. flagellated zoospores
4. chitin cell walls
3 - zoospores