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Biology 1020 > Platyhelminthes and Rotifera > Flashcards

Platyhelminthes and Rotifera Flashcards

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1
Q

are all bilaterians also lophotrochozoans

A

NO

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2
Q

are all lophotrochozoans bilaterians

A

yes

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3
Q

what is present in ALL bilaterian animals

A
  1. triploblastic with coelom present
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4
Q

traits of bilaterians

A
  1. bilateral symmetry
  2. triploblastic development
  3. coelom
  4. digestive tract has TWO openings
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5
Q

clade bilateria contains

A
  1. Lophotrochozoa
  2. Ecdysozoa
  3. Deuterostomia
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6
Q

what WAS the clade Lophotrochozoa identified by and what is it identified by NOW

A

WAS - morphological data
NOW - genetics and DNA

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7
Q

what are two traits of Lophotrochozoa

A
  1. lophophore for feeding
  2. trochophore larval stage
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8
Q

Playhelminthes are

A

flatworms

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9
Q

Playhelminthes traits (5)

A
  1. protostomes
  2. triploblastic
  3. acoelomate
  4. free-living and parasitic forms
  5. lack organs specialized for gas exchange and circulation
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10
Q

habitats of Playhelminthes

A

marine
freshwater
damp terrestrial

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11
Q

what other lineage is similar to acoelomates

A

phylum Acoela

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12
Q

are the similarities between Playhelminthes and Phylum Acoela analogous or homologous

A

analogous - convergent evolution

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13
Q

what is the importance of Acoela

A

they are the basal lineages of Bilaterians and show the ancestral condition

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14
Q

what can be inferred about the body plan of the CA of all bilaterians based on ACOELA location

A

Acoela shows the ancestral traits of the cA of bilaterians (such as flat and being acoelomate)

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15
Q

is the trait of being flattened dorsoventrally a convergence or divergence in other lineages

A

convergence (analogous)

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16
Q

what structure makes up the uniqueness of Playhelminthes excretory system

A

Flame cells AKA protonephridia

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17
Q

Flame cells are found in

A

Platyhelminth

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18
Q

Platyhelminth have a _____ cavity and thus ____ hole(s)

A

gastrovascular and one

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19
Q

do Platyhelminth have a coelom

A

NO

20
Q

excretory system in Platyhelminth

A
  1. network of tubules with ciliated structures (flame bulbs)
  2. flame bulbs cap the branches of each protonephridia
  3. the cilia inside the tubule cell sucks the interstitial fluid inside and removes waste which is excreted as Platyhelminth moves
21
Q

does the urine excreted in Platyhelminth have a low or high solute concentration

A

LOW in order to maintain osmotic uptake of water from environment

22
Q

what other species has a similar excretory system compared to Platyhelminth

A

eathworms

23
Q

Platyhelminth are divided into two lineages

A
  1. Catenulida
  2. Rhabditophora
24
Q

Rhabditophora in ________ are ______ (lifestyle)

A

Platyhelminth and are free-living and parasitic

25
Q

best-known Rhabditophorans are

A

planarians

26
Q

where do planarians live

A

in freshwater

27
Q

how do planarians compare and contrast to cnidarians

A

similar
1. have a gastrovascular cavity (one hole)
2. no specialized circulatory system
3. both are in Eumetazoan and Metazoan
4. marine

Differences
1. Cnidarians = radial symmetry
1. Planarians = Bilateral symmetry
2. Planarains have cephalization
3. Planarians - triploblastic and Cniadrains diploblastic

28
Q

are planarians hermaphroditic or dioecious

A

hermaphroditic - have both sexes

29
Q

do planarians have a brain

A

NO - they just have an enlarged ganglia area

30
Q

why can planarians do without respiratory and circulatory systems

A

they are thin and do diffusion

31
Q

two types of parasitic rhabditophorans

A
  1. trematodes
  2. tapeworms
32
Q

trematodes

A

have a wide range of hosts and alternate between sexual and asexual stages

33
Q

function of parasitic surface proteins

A

allows the parasite to invade and live in the host without killing the host OR killing itself by the host’s body recognizing the intruder

34
Q

what kinds of adaptions to tapeworms have for being parasitic

A
  1. lack a digestive system - instead absorb nutrients from the host’s intestines
  2. have hooks, suckers and other attaching mechs
  3. have a long and skinny body
  4. most of the body is for reproduction
35
Q

Phylum Rotifera is now

A

Syndermata

36
Q

where do Rotifer live

A

in aquatic environments

37
Q

are Rotifera smaller then many protists

A

YEs

38
Q

despite its size, what do Rotifera have

A
  1. specialized tissues, organs and organ systems
39
Q

what type of cavity do Rotifera have

A

alimentary canal - COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - 2 holes

40
Q

what is the first phyla to show a COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (alimentary canal)

A

Rotifera

41
Q

how do many ROtifera reproduce

A

parthenogenesis - female produce offspring from UNFERTILZED eggs (lack males entirely in some species)

42
Q

what type of coelom do Rotifers have

A

pseudocoelom

43
Q

compare the digestive system of Cnidarains, flatworms and Rotifera

A

Cnidarian
1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity)

Rotifera
1. two holes (alimentary canal)

Flatworms
1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity)

44
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Rotifera: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: metazoa

45
Q

least to most inclusive

A

tapeworms: parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platehelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

46
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Trematodes: Parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

47
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Planarian: Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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