Platyhelminthes and Rotifera Flashcards
are all bilaterians also lophotrochozoans
NO
are all lophotrochozoans bilaterians
yes
what is present in ALL bilaterian animals
- triploblastic with coelom present
traits of bilaterians
- bilateral symmetry
- triploblastic development
- coelom
- digestive tract has TWO openings
clade bilateria contains
- Lophotrochozoa
- Ecdysozoa
- Deuterostomia
what WAS the clade Lophotrochozoa identified by and what is it identified by NOW
WAS - morphological data
NOW - genetics and DNA
what are two traits of Lophotrochozoa
- lophophore for feeding
- trochophore larval stage
Playhelminthes are
flatworms
Playhelminthes traits (5)
- protostomes
- triploblastic
- acoelomate
- free-living and parasitic forms
- lack organs specialized for gas exchange and circulation
habitats of Playhelminthes
marine
freshwater
damp terrestrial
what other lineage is similar to acoelomates
phylum Acoela
are the similarities between Playhelminthes and Phylum Acoela analogous or homologous
analogous - convergent evolution
what is the importance of Acoela
they are the basal lineages of Bilaterians and show the ancestral condition
what can be inferred about the body plan of the CA of all bilaterians based on ACOELA location
Acoela shows the ancestral traits of the cA of bilaterians (such as flat and being acoelomate)
is the trait of being flattened dorsoventrally a convergence or divergence in other lineages
convergence (analogous)
what structure makes up the uniqueness of Playhelminthes excretory system
Flame cells AKA protonephridia
Flame cells are found in
Platyhelminth
Platyhelminth have a _____ cavity and thus ____ hole(s)
gastrovascular and one
do Platyhelminth have a coelom
NO
excretory system in Platyhelminth
- network of tubules with ciliated structures (flame bulbs)
- flame bulbs cap the branches of each protonephridia
- the cilia inside the tubule cell sucks the interstitial fluid inside and removes waste which is excreted as Platyhelminth moves
does the urine excreted in Platyhelminth have a low or high solute concentration
LOW in order to maintain osmotic uptake of water from environment
what other species has a similar excretory system compared to Platyhelminth
eathworms
Platyhelminth are divided into two lineages
- Catenulida
- Rhabditophora
Rhabditophora in ________ are ______ (lifestyle)
Platyhelminth and are free-living and parasitic
best-known Rhabditophorans are
planarians
where do planarians live
in freshwater
how do planarians compare and contrast to cnidarians
similar
1. have a gastrovascular cavity (one hole)
2. no specialized circulatory system
3. both are in Eumetazoan and Metazoan
4. marine
Differences
1. Cnidarians = radial symmetry
1. Planarians = Bilateral symmetry
2. Planarains have cephalization
3. Planarians - triploblastic and Cniadrains diploblastic
are planarians hermaphroditic or dioecious
hermaphroditic - have both sexes
do planarians have a brain
NO - they just have an enlarged ganglia area
why can planarians do without respiratory and circulatory systems
they are thin and do diffusion
two types of parasitic rhabditophorans
- trematodes
- tapeworms
trematodes
have a wide range of hosts and alternate between sexual and asexual stages
function of parasitic surface proteins
allows the parasite to invade and live in the host without killing the host OR killing itself by the host’s body recognizing the intruder
what kinds of adaptions to tapeworms have for being parasitic
- lack a digestive system - instead absorb nutrients from the host’s intestines
- have hooks, suckers and other attaching mechs
- have a long and skinny body
- most of the body is for reproduction
Phylum Rotifera is now
Syndermata
where do Rotifer live
in aquatic environments
are Rotifera smaller then many protists
YEs
despite its size, what do Rotifera have
- specialized tissues, organs and organ systems
what type of cavity do Rotifera have
alimentary canal - COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - 2 holes
what is the first phyla to show a COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (alimentary canal)
Rotifera
how do many ROtifera reproduce
parthenogenesis - female produce offspring from UNFERTILZED eggs (lack males entirely in some species)
what type of coelom do Rotifers have
pseudocoelom
compare the digestive system of Cnidarains, flatworms and Rotifera
Cnidarian
1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity)
Rotifera
1. two holes (alimentary canal)
Flatworms
1. one hole (gastrovascular cavity)
least to most inclusive
Rotifera: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: metazoa
least to most inclusive
tapeworms: parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platehelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
Trematodes: Parasitic Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
Planarian: Rhabditophorans: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lophotrochozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
