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biology 1020 > Nonvascular and seedless vascular plant tutorial > Flashcards

Nonvascular and seedless vascular plant tutorial Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

six major apomorphies of land plants (lacking in charophytes)

A
  1. multicellular embryos
  2. sporopollenin
  3. apical meristem
  4. multicellular gametophyte
  5. alternation of generation
  6. cuticle
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2
Q

are the six apomorphies of land plants present in ALL extant land plants

A

NO- some characters are lost in lineages

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3
Q

four main traits of non-vascular plants

A
  1. dominant gametophyte
  2. flagellated sperm
  3. lack true roots, leaves
  4. lack of vascular tissue
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4
Q

3 main challenges faced by bryophytes

A
  1. water is still needed for reproduction
  2. cannot grow tall without vascular tissue
  3. still needs a spore dispersal mechanism
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5
Q

______: located at the top of the sporophyte, also known as the _____

A
  1. sporangium
  2. capsule
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6
Q

_____: haploid and produce by the sporophyte

A

spores

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7
Q

_____ develops into the gametophyte via _____

A

spores by meiosis

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8
Q

_____: stalk supporting the capsule and supplying nutrients

A

seta

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9
Q

_____: teeth-like structure that aids in spore _______

A
  1. peristomes
  2. dispersal
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10
Q

_____: a lid-like structure on the _____ that is lost when spores mature

A
  1. operculum
  2. sporangium
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11
Q

_____: situated above the operculum

A

calyptra

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12
Q

calyptra is situated above the _____

A

operculum

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13
Q

the calyptra is an enlarged ______ venter that protects the capsule

A

archegonial

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14
Q

_____: the male, sperm-producing reproductive organ

A

antheridia

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15
Q

antheridia is the ____ gametophyte

A

male

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16
Q

_____: female, egg-producing reproductive organ

A

archegonia

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17
Q

archegonia is the ___ gametophyte

A

female

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18
Q

six defining characteristics of extant SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

A
  1. vascular tissue
  2. true roots, leaves, stems
  3. dominant sporophyte
  4. independent sporophyte and gametophyte
  5. sporophylls
  6. flagellated sperm
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19
Q

homospory vs heterospory

A

homospory: sporangium on sporophyll -> one spore -> both antheridium and archegonia

heterospory:
microsporangia -> microspore ->microgametangia -> sperm

macrosporangia -> macrospores _>macrogametangia -> eggs

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20
Q

liverworts scientific name

A

hepatophyta

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21
Q

mosses scientific name

A

Bryophyta

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22
Q

Hornworts scientific name

A

anthocerotophyta

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23
Q

dominant generation for non-vascular plants

A

gametophyte

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24
Q

3 phyla of non-vascular plants

A
  1. Bryophyta (moss)
  2. hepatophyta (liverworts)
  3. anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
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25
Q

vascular tissue in non-vascular plants

A

NONE

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26
Q

spore production in non-vascular plants

A

homospory

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27
Q

spore type in non-vascular plants

A

bisexual

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28
Q

male gametangia in non-vascular plants

A

antheridia

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29
Q

female gametangia in non-vascular plants

A

archegonia

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30
Q

sperm in non-vascular plants

A

flagellated

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31
Q

growth form in Hepatophyta

A

leafy gametophyte (male)
umbrella-like gametophyte (female)

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32
Q

growth form in Bryophyta

A

leafy gametophyte
elevated sporophyte

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33
Q

growth form in anthocerotophyta

A

horn-shaped sporophyte

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34
Q

roots in non-vascular plants

A

NON: rhizoids (not true roots)

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35
Q

stomata in hepatophyta

A

NO

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36
Q

stomata in Bryophyta

A

YES

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37
Q

stomata in anthocerotophyta

A

YES

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38
Q

unique structures in hepatophyta

A

gemmae cups

39
Q

gemmae cups

A

asexual reproduction in hepatophyta that give rise to new gametophytes

40
Q

unique structures in bryophyta

A
  1. capsule
  2. operculum
  3. peristome
41
Q

peristome

A

enhances the process of spore release

42
Q

unique structures in anthocerotophyta

A

horn-shaped sporophyte

43
Q

phyla in seedless vascular plants

A
  1. monilophytes
  2. lycophytes
44
Q

phylum lycophytes representative species

A

selaginella

45
Q

phylum monilophyta representative species

A

NONE

46
Q

dominant generation in seedless vascular plants

A

sporophyte

47
Q

vascular tissue in seedless vascular plants

A

Present

48
Q

spore production in lycophytes

A

heterosporous

49
Q

spore type in seedless vascular plants

A

unisexual

50
Q

male gametangia in seedless vascular plants

A

antheridia

51
Q

spore production in monilophytes

A

homosporous

52
Q

spore type in monilophytes

A

bisexual

53
Q

female gametangia in seedless vascular plants

A

archegonia

54
Q

gametophyte type in lycophytes

A

unisexual

55
Q

gametophyte type in monilophytes

A

bisexual

56
Q

spore dispersal structures in monilophytes

A

sori on underside of fronds

57
Q

spore dispersal structures in lycophytes

A

strobili

58
Q

sperm in seedless vascular plants

A

flagellated

59
Q

leaf characteristics in monilophyte

A

megaphylls

60
Q

leaf characteristics in lycophytes

A

microphylls

61
Q

grow form in lycophytes

A

loose mats and horizontal

62
Q

growth form in monilophytes

A

large fronds

63
Q

roots in seedless vascular plants

A

present

64
Q

stomata in seedless vascular plants

A

present

65
Q

unique structures in lycophytes

A

strobili

66
Q

unique structures in monilophytes

A
  1. sori
  2. prothalli
67
Q

derived character 1 of kingdom Plantae

A

six derived traits of land plants

68
Q

derived character 2 of kingdom Plantae

A

stomata

69
Q

derived character 3 of kingdom Plantae

A

gemmae

70
Q

derived character 4 of the kingdom Plantae

A

peristome teeth, calyptra, operculum

71
Q

derived character 5 of kingdom Plantae

A

microphylls

72
Q

derived character 6 of kingdom Plantae

A

characteristics of seedless vascular plants (excluding flagellated sperm)

73
Q

derived character 7 of kingdom Plantae

A

megaphylls

74
Q

what specimen is this and what phyla and group

A
  1. Marchantia
  2. hepatophyta
  3. non-vascular plants
75
Q

structure 1

A

archegoniophore

76
Q

structure 2

A

archegonia containing eggs

77
Q

structure 3

A

antheridiophore

78
Q

structure 4

A

antheridia containing sperm

79
Q

1

A

sporophyte generation

80
Q

2

A

gametophyte generation

81
Q

characteristics of the sporophyte generation

A
  1. multicellular
  2. non-dominant
82
Q

characteristics of the gametophyte generation

A
  1. haploid
  2. dominant
83
Q

1 (in the cycle)

A

fertilization

84
Q

2 (in the cycle)

A

archegonia

85
Q

3 (in the cycle)

A

antheridia

86
Q

4 (in the cycle)

A

haploid gametophyte

87
Q

5 (in the cycle)

A

haploid spores

88
Q

6 (in the cycle)

A

meiosis

89
Q

7 (in the cycle)

A

diploid spores mother cells

90
Q

8 (in the cycle)

A

sporangia

91
Q

9 (in the cycle)

A

diploid sporophyte

92
Q

10 (in the cycle)

A

diploid embryo

93
Q

11 (in the cycle)

A

diploid zygote

94
Q

the diploid spores divide by ______ and result in ______

A

meiosis and haploid spores

biology 1020 (29 decks)

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