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Biology 1020 > Nonvascular plants > Flashcards

Nonvascular plants Flashcards

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1
Q

mosses and other nonvascular plants have a life cycle dominated by

A

gametophytes

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2
Q

three phyla of small herbaceous plants that represent bryophytes

A

liverworts
mosses
hornworts

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3
Q

herbaceous

A

nonwoody

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4
Q

liverworts =

A

phylum hepatophyta

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5
Q

mosses =

A

phylum Bryophyta

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6
Q

hornworts =

A

phylum anthocerophyta

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7
Q

does Byrophyta mean the same thing as bryophyte

A

NO
(Byrophyta = phylum including mosses) (bryophyte = grade that includes all nonvascular plants)

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8
Q

true or false
in all bryophyte phyla, the sporophyte is larger than the gametophytete

A

FALSE - the gametophyte is dominant

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9
Q

true or false
the sporophyte is typically present only part of the time

A

TRUE

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10
Q

the moss sporophyte is ______ on gametophyte

A

dependant

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11
Q

key terms for the moss life cycle

A
  1. capsule
  2. operculum
  3. calyptra
  4. peristome
  5. protonemata
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12
Q

protonemata

A

the first stage after spores have started mitosis

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13
Q

a phore in moss is also known as

A

the stalk

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14
Q

where is the sporangium located

A

at the tip of the stalk/seta

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15
Q

operculum

A

a lid like structure on the capsule

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16
Q

the operculum is (diploid or haploid)

A

diploid (part of sporangium)

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17
Q

calyptra is (diploid or haploid)

A

haploid (part of the gametophyte tissue)

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18
Q

peristome

A

helps in spore dispersal

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19
Q

the moss zygote is surrounded by

A

maternal tissue

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20
Q

the antheridia produces _____ (lots of little) of ______ (sperm or egg)

A

lots and sperm

21
Q

the archegonia produces _____ (lots of little) of ______ (sperm or egg)

A

ONE and egg

22
Q

gametophyte makes _____ in the _____

A

gametes in gametangia

23
Q

where did the gametangia go in moss

A

this doesn’t apply to moss because the gametophyte is the dominant stage

24
Q

male gametophyte

A

antheridia

25
Q

female gametophyte

A

archegonia

26
Q

true or false
in moss the sporangium can also be called the capsule

A

TRUE- but ONLY in moss

27
Q

_____ has cells that undergo meiosis

A

capsule

28
Q

how do sperm reach the egg in moss

A

by swimming through a film of water

29
Q

a sporangium is always going to grow from a _____ gametophyte

A

female

30
Q

what stages of the moss life cycle are haploid

A
  1. antheridia
  2. archedonia
  3. protonemata
31
Q

when a bryophyte spore germinates into a gametophyte it is composed of

A

portonema and gamete-prpoducing gametophore

32
Q

what constrains the gametophyte height in bryophytes

A

the lack of vascular tissue

33
Q

bryophyte sporophytes grow out of

A

archegonia

34
Q

true or false
the bryophyte sporophytes are the smallest and simplest sporophytes of all extant plant groups

A

true

35
Q

what does a bryophyte sporophyte consist of

A
  1. a foot
  2. a seta (stalk)
  3. sporangium called capsule
36
Q

what part of the bryophyte sporophyte discharges spores

A

sporangium/capsule

37
Q

how does the sporangium/capsule discharge spores

A

through the peristomes

38
Q

_____ and ______ sporophytes have stomata

A

hornwort and moss

39
Q

what bryophyte does NOT have stomata

A

liverworts

40
Q

liverworts AKA

A

phylum hepatophyta

41
Q

phylum _____ and _____ gametophytes

A

hepatophyta and female gametophytes

42
Q
  1. gametangia?
  2. ploidy?
  3. role in the life cycle?
A
  1. archegonia
  2. haploid
  3. make eggs
43
Q

hornworts AKA

A

phylum anthocerophyta

44
Q

true or false
mosses can inhabit diverse and extreme environments

A

true

45
Q

were are mosses most common

A

in moist forests and wetlands

46
Q

mosses might help retain ___ in the soil

A

nitrogen

47
Q

what does peat moss form

A

deposits of partially decayed organic material (peat)

48
Q

what is the importance of peat

A

it can be used for a fuel source

49
Q

peat moss (sphagnum) is a global _____ of ______

A

reservoir of organic carbon = can release it into the atmosphere (increases GHG)

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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