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Biology 1020 > Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms (IMPORTANT) > Flashcards

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms (IMPORTANT) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three generations of gymnosperm seeds

A
  1. female gametophyte (n)
  2. parent sporophyte (2n)
  3. new sporophyte (2n)
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2
Q

what develops into the food reserve in gymnosperm seeds

A

female gametophyte

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3
Q

what is considered the parent sporophyte in gymnosperm seeds

A

seed coat from the integument

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4
Q

what is considered the new sporophyte in gymnosperm seeds

A

embryo

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5
Q

four phyla of gymnosperms

A
  1. Cycadophyta
  2. Ginkgophyta
  3. Gnetophyta
  4. Coniferophyta
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6
Q

what gymnosperm phyla is this
large cones and fern-like leaves

A

cycadophyta

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7
Q

what gymnosperm phyla is this
single extant species

A

ginkgophyta

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8
Q

what gymnosperm phyla is this
includes, Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia

A

gnetophyta

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9
Q

what gymnosperm phyla is this
most dominant phyla

A

coniferophyta

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10
Q

pollen grains are the mature _____ produced within the _____

A

microgametophyte and microsporangia

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11
Q

megagametophyte is produced in the

A

megasporangium

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12
Q

the benefit of double fertilization

A

ensures no energy is wasted to develop food supply for unfertilized ovule

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13
Q

similarities between angiosperms and gymnosperms (4)
PRODUCTION OF POLLEN AND SPERM

A
  1. tube cells and generative cells are present
  2. generative cell divides to form two sperm and the tube cell forms a pollen tube
  3. microsporangia, microsporocyte divides by meiosis to form 4 haploid spores
  4. microspores develop into microgametophyte
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14
Q

similarities between angiosperms and gymnosperms (2)
SEEDS

A
  1. contain storage of food for developing plant
  2. contain the embryo formed from a zygote
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15
Q

similarities between angiosperms and gymnosperms (4)
PRODUCTION OF EGGS

A
  1. inside the ovule, the megasporangium contains megasporocytes (2n) which undergo meiosis to produce four megaspores (n)
  2. only one megaspore survives
  3. megaspore develops into the female gametophyte
  4. megagametophyte is retained within the parent sporophyte (megasporangium)
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16
Q

similarities between angiosperms and gymnosperms (5)
OVULES

A
  1. diploid (2n)
  2. consists of megasporangium, megaspore, integument (s)
  3. receive pollen grain through the micropyle
  4. egg develops internally
  5. develop into seeds after fertilization
17
Q

Differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms (3)
PRODUCTION OF SPERM AND POLLEN

A

Angiosperms
1. pollen is mainly distributed by biotic or selfing
2. pollen (male gametophyte) consists of two cells
3. microsporangia retained in anthers

Gymnosperms
1. pollen is released and carried by the wind
2. pollen (microgametophyte) consists of FOUR cells
3. microsporangia retained in pollen cones

18
Q

differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms (4)
PRODUCTION OF EGGS

A

Angiosperms
1. female gametangia no longer recognized
2. referred to as embryo sac
3. egg is produced in the embryo sac
4. ovaries present

Gymnosperms
1. female gametangia are recognizable
2. referred to as female gametophyte
3. egg is produced in an archegonium
4. no ovaries

19
Q

differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms (3)
OVULES

A

Angiosperms
1. ovules located in ovaries
2. surrounded by two integuments
3. ovule develops into a seed enclosed by the ovary

Gymnosperms
1. ovules located ON the ovulate cone
2. surrounded by one integument
3. ovule develops into a naked seed

20
Q

differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms (4)
FERTILIZATION

A

Angiosperm
1. double fertilization
2. pollen tube grows down the style
3. ovary develops into the fruit

Gymnosperm
1. single fertilization event
2. pollen tube grows to the female gametophyte
3. one sperm degenerates
4. do not bear fruit (lack ovaries)

21
Q

differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms (2)
SEEDS

A

Angiosperm
1. consists of embryo (2n) and endosperm (3n) and seed coat (2n)
2. seeds dispersed by abiotic and biotic

gymnosperms
1. consists of an embryo (2n) and food reserve (n) and seed coat (2n)
2. seed dispersed by wind/gravity

22
Q

5 common traits of all seed plants

A
  1. reduced gametophyte
  2. heterospory
  3. ovules
  4. pollen
  5. seeds
23
Q

what gametangia is found in gymnosperms

A

archegonia

24
Q

evolutionary advantages of seeds (4)

A
  1. multicellular
  2. can remain dormant for a long period of time
  3. seeds have a supply of food that can support new sporophyte
  4. seeds can be transported long distances

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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