Gymnosperms Flashcards
are seed plants a clade
YES
what is associated with the angiosperm life cycle
Double fertilization
gymnosperm representable species
pine
ovule has three parts
- integuments
- megaspore
- megaporangium
what happens in the ovule
- fertilization
what key features of gymnosperms allowed them to thrive on land
- pollen
- cuticles
gymnosperm means
naked seed
describe the placement of gymnosperm seeds
exposed on sporophylls that form a cone
sporophylls are ____
leaves with attached sporangium
gymnosperm cones are (male, female or both)
either male or female
angiosperm seeds are
covered in fruits
fruits in angiosperms are the ____
mature ovaries
what gametangia is NO LONGER found in gymnosperms
antheridia
is the archegonia found in gymnosperms
YES
the gametophyte in seed plants is ______(micro or macro)
microscopic
what is the dominant stage in seed plants
sporophyte
is the gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte in seed plants
yes
pro gymnosperms
before gymnosperms (have some of the adaptions of seed plants but not all)
example of progymnosperm
archaeopteris
archaeopteris characteristics
- no seeds
- spores
- fern-like leaves
- secondary growth (wood)
what NOW dominants terrestrial ecosystems, angiosperms or gymnosperms and was it ALWAYS like this
angiosperms now dominant, but it was NOT always the case
4 phyla of gymnosperms
- Phylum Ginkgophyta
- Phylum Cycadophyta
- Phylum Gnetophyta
- Phylum Coniferophyta
what phyla is this
Phylum Cycadophyta
main traits of Phylum Cycadophyta
- flagellated sperm
- large cones and palm-like leaves
what phylum is this
Phylum Ginkgophyta
main traits of Phylum Ginkgophyta
- flagellated sperm
- high tolerance for air pollution
- deciduous
what phylum is this
Phylum Gnetophyta
what phylum is a convergence with Anthophyta
Gnetophyta (Gnetum)
main traits of Welwitschia (Gnetophyta)
- desert plant
- leaves among the largest of all plants
what phylum is this
Phylum Coniferophyta
largest of the gymnosperm phyla
coniferophyta
three key features of the gymnosperm life cycle
- dominance of the sporophyte
- development of seeds from fertilized ovules
- transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen
sporophyte in the pine life cycle
pine tree
where are sporangia produced
in male and female cones
small cones produce
microspores called pollen grains
where are male gametophytes found
in the pollen grains
larger cones contain
ovules
ovules produce ____
megaspores that develop into female gametophytes
a female cone has two parts to its strobila
- scale (has ovule and sporophyll)
- bract (has no sporophyll)
what are pine seeds made up of
three-generations
what generations are pine seeds made from
- diploid sporophyte (new generation)
- food (megaspore)
- seed-coat (parent generation)