Basal animals Flashcards
what are the basal animal(s) of Kingdom Animalia
- Porifera (sponges)
invertebrates
lack a backbone
95% of species known
invertebrates
clades in bilateria
- Lophotrochozoa
- Ecdysozoa
- Deuterostomia
are Porifera Eumetazoan
NO
phylum Porifera
sponges
what kind of feeder are sponges
suspension feeders
suspension feeders
capture food particles suspended in water passing through their body
where is water drawn into in sponges
spongocoel
how is water drawn OUT of sponges
osculum
how are sponges different from other animals
- lack true tissues
- lack true organs
two main cells in Porifera
- amoebocytes
- choanocytes
amoebocytes function in Porifera
digestion and structural roles
choanocytes function in Porifera
create a current with their flagella and ingest suspended food
where are amoebocytes found
in Mesohyl
do we talk about the kinds of symmetry outside of Eumetazoan
NO
what clade to all animals EXCEPT sponges belong to
Clade Eumetazoa
Eumetazoa means
true tissues
what is the oldest group in clade Eumetazoa
Cnidaria
are Cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic
diploblastic
what are included in Cnidarians
- jellies
- corals
- hydras
what type of symmetry to Cnidarians have
radial
what is the body plan of Cnidarians
a sac with a central digestive compartment, the gastrovascular cavity
how many holes are associated with the gastrovascular cavity
one hole
does the gastrovascular cavity opening act as anus, mouth or both
both
two types of Cnidarians body types
mouth up - polyp
mouth down - medusa
how many germ layers do Cnidarians have
2
what are the specialized mechanisms of Cnidarians
Cnidocytes
what is the organelle and what is the cell
1. nematocysts are the ______
2. cnidocytes are the ____
- organelle
- cell
what do nematocysts do
organelles that eject a stinging thread
do all members of Cnidarians have nematocysts and cnidocytes
YES
two major clades in Cnidarians
- Medusozoa
- Anthozoa
Medusozoa of Cnidarians include
- Scyphozoan (jellies)
- Cubozoan (box jellies)
- Hydrozoans
what is a dominant stage in Scyphozoan and Cubozoan
medusa
Hydrozoans are (polyp or medusa forms)
alternate between polyp and medusa forms
what is an example of Hydrozoan and its characteristics
Hydra
- exists only in polyp form
- asexual reproduction by budding
true or false
Cubozoans have highly toxic cnidocytes
true
Anthozoan includes
corals and sea anemones
Anthozoans exist as
only polyps
the different methods of exchange with the environment for thick and thin organisms
thin
1, can do exchange with just diffusion
thick
1. have to develop efficient and interconnected systems
