Arthropoda Flashcards
true or false
arthropods are the most dominant and specious phylum
true
when was a time that the arthropods had vast diversification before going extinct
Cambrian explosion
Arthropods = ______ which = _____
segmentation = Hox genes
what do ALL Arthropods show
segmentation
did the arthropod body plan result from new Hox genes
NO, according to the experiment with the dye, these hox genes were NOT only present in the arthropods but ALSO in the outgroup (Onychophorans)
what is the relationship between the Hox genes and complexity
as we increase in complexity and sophistication, there will be an increase in Hox genes
3 developmental traits of the Arthropods
- protostome
- bilateral symmtery
- triploblastic (coelomate)
what are the traits that allow the Arthropod successfulness
- hard exoskeleton
- jointed paired appendages
- sensory organs
- body segmentation
what are some adaptions to lobster appendages
- some for swimming
- some for walking
- some for feeding
- some for defence
what was a key adaption that led to the successfulness of arthropods
wings and the ability to fly
what was the importance of flight
- evade predators
- easy to catch prey
true or false
for most insects wings are modified legs
FALSE- they are NOT modified legs
what is the benefit of segmentation
permits specialization of functions = efficient division of labour among regions
what are wings of insects made from
cuticle
what is the cuticle
an exoskeleton
what is the cuticle made from
layers of protein and chitin
what are some examples of well-developed sense organs in arthropods
- eyes
- olfactory receptors
- antennae
do arthropods have an open or closed circulatory system
open
describe the coelom in arthropods
its a true coelom that is very reduced
differentiate between the different gas exchange methods for members living in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
aquatic
1. have gills with feather extensions
terrestrial
1. have INTERNAl surfaces for gas exchange
what allowed for the transition of life on land for arthropods
- combination of gas exchange methods
- flight
describe the historical classification of crustaceans
paraphyletic
three lineages of arthropods
- chelicerates
- myriapods
- Pancrustaceans
chelicerates include
- spiders
- ticks
- mites
- scorpions
- horseshoe crab
Myriapods include
- centipedes
- millipedes
Pancrustaceans include
- lobsters and other crustaceans
- insects
what are the clade chelicerates named for
their feeding appendages called Chelicerae
body segments of chelicerates
- anterior cephalothorax (fused head and throax)
- posterior abdomen
earliest EXTINCT chelicerates
water scorpions
most primitive EXTANT chelicerates
horseshoe crab
most modern chelicerates are
arachnids
describe the body plan and appendages of Arachnids
- abdomen
- cephalothorax
- six pairs of appendages (most anterior are chelicerae)
how do spiders do gas exchange
book lungs
least to most inclusive (spiders)
arachnids: chelicerates: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
Arthropoda: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
Millipedes vs Centipedes
Millipedes
1. hervaboirs
2. round in cross-section
3. two pairs of legs per segment
Centipedes
1. carnivores
2. flat in cross-section
3. One pair of legs per segment
least to most inclusive
millipede: Myriapoda: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
centipede: Myriapoda: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
pancrustaceans include
- insects
- crustaceans
crustaceans in pancrustaceans live in
marine and freshwater
what do many crustaceans have
appendages for feeding and locomotion
how do small crustaceans exchange gas
through their cuticle
how do large crustaceans exchange gas
through their gills
what kind of circulatory system do crustaceans have
open
describe reproduction in crustaceans
diecious (separate species)
least to most inclusive
Pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
four groups in the crustacean side of pancrustaceans
- isopods
- Decapods
- Copepods
- Maxillopods
Maxillopods
barnacles (mostly sessile crustaceans)
least to most inclusive
Barnacles: Maxillopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecydsozoan: Eumetazoan: Metazoan
least to most inclusive
Barnacles: Maxillopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecydsozoan: Eumetazoan: Metazoan
describe the cuticle of Maxillopods
hardened into a shell of calcium carbonate
copepods are _____ crustaceans
planktonic
least to most inclusive
Copepods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
pill bugs: Isopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
least to most inclusive
decapods: Crustaceans: Pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: metazoa
decapods include
- crab
- lobsters
- crayfish
- shrimp
true or false
insects have some complex organ systems
TRUE
hexapods
insects
least to most inclusive
Hexapoda: Pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa
is a hemocoel the same as a pseudocoelom
NO
respiration in grasshoppers
tracheal tubes (external holes in the abdomen)
the excretory organ in grasshoppers
Malpigihan tubules
insects co-evolved with _____
plants
typical reproduction in Hexapoda
sexual with separate males and females
what is the basal lineage in Hexapoda
wingless insects
what is the appearance of wings in Hexapoda
a apomorphy for the groups (derived)
three patterns of postembryonic development in insects
- no metamorphosis
- metamorphosis without a pupa
- metamorphosis with a pupa
what insect development is this
insects undergo TOTAL reorganization of internal and external anatomy through their life cycle
metamorphosis with a pupa
what insect development is this
insects develop from nymphs that are NOT exact look-alikes of the parents
metamorphosis without a pupa
what insect development is this
no dramatic change occurs in the insect body as it grows (young looks like the adults)
NO metamorphosis
