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Biology 1020 > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

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1
Q

true or false
arthropods are the most dominant and specious phylum

A

true

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2
Q

when was a time that the arthropods had vast diversification before going extinct

A

Cambrian explosion

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3
Q

Arthropods = ______ which = _____

A

segmentation = Hox genes

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4
Q

what do ALL Arthropods show

A

segmentation

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5
Q

did the arthropod body plan result from new Hox genes

A

NO, according to the experiment with the dye, these hox genes were NOT only present in the arthropods but ALSO in the outgroup (Onychophorans)

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6
Q

what is the relationship between the Hox genes and complexity

A

as we increase in complexity and sophistication, there will be an increase in Hox genes

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7
Q

3 developmental traits of the Arthropods

A
  1. protostome
  2. bilateral symmtery
  3. triploblastic (coelomate)
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8
Q

what are the traits that allow the Arthropod successfulness

A
  1. hard exoskeleton
  2. jointed paired appendages
  3. sensory organs
  4. body segmentation
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9
Q

what are some adaptions to lobster appendages

A
  1. some for swimming
  2. some for walking
  3. some for feeding
  4. some for defence
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10
Q

what was a key adaption that led to the successfulness of arthropods

A

wings and the ability to fly

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11
Q

what was the importance of flight

A
  1. evade predators
  2. easy to catch prey
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12
Q

true or false
for most insects wings are modified legs

A

FALSE- they are NOT modified legs

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13
Q

what is the benefit of segmentation

A

permits specialization of functions = efficient division of labour among regions

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14
Q

what are wings of insects made from

A

cuticle

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15
Q

what is the cuticle

A

an exoskeleton

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16
Q

what is the cuticle made from

A

layers of protein and chitin

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17
Q

what are some examples of well-developed sense organs in arthropods

A
  1. eyes
  2. olfactory receptors
  3. antennae
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18
Q

do arthropods have an open or closed circulatory system

A

open

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19
Q

describe the coelom in arthropods

A

its a true coelom that is very reduced

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20
Q

differentiate between the different gas exchange methods for members living in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

A

aquatic
1. have gills with feather extensions

terrestrial
1. have INTERNAl surfaces for gas exchange

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21
Q

what allowed for the transition of life on land for arthropods

A
  1. combination of gas exchange methods
  2. flight
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22
Q

describe the historical classification of crustaceans

A

paraphyletic

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23
Q

three lineages of arthropods

A
  1. chelicerates
  2. myriapods
  3. Pancrustaceans
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24
Q

chelicerates include

A
  1. spiders
  2. ticks
  3. mites
  4. scorpions
  5. horseshoe crab
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25
Q

Myriapods include

A
  1. centipedes
  2. millipedes
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26
Q

Pancrustaceans include

A
  1. lobsters and other crustaceans
  2. insects
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27
Q

what are the clade chelicerates named for

A

their feeding appendages called Chelicerae

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28
Q

body segments of chelicerates

A
  1. anterior cephalothorax (fused head and throax)
  2. posterior abdomen
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29
Q

earliest EXTINCT chelicerates

A

water scorpions

30
Q

most primitive EXTANT chelicerates

A

horseshoe crab

31
Q

most modern chelicerates are

A

arachnids

32
Q

describe the body plan and appendages of Arachnids

A
  1. abdomen
  2. cephalothorax
  3. six pairs of appendages (most anterior are chelicerae)
33
Q

how do spiders do gas exchange

A

book lungs

34
Q

least to most inclusive (spiders)

A

arachnids: chelicerates: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

35
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Arthropoda: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

36
Q

Millipedes vs Centipedes

A

Millipedes
1. hervaboirs
2. round in cross-section
3. two pairs of legs per segment

Centipedes
1. carnivores
2. flat in cross-section
3. One pair of legs per segment

37
Q

least to most inclusive

A

millipede: Myriapoda: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

38
Q

least to most inclusive

A

centipede: Myriapoda: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

39
Q

pancrustaceans include

A
  1. insects
  2. crustaceans
40
Q

crustaceans in pancrustaceans live in

A

marine and freshwater

41
Q

what do many crustaceans have

A

appendages for feeding and locomotion

42
Q

how do small crustaceans exchange gas

A

through their cuticle

43
Q

how do large crustaceans exchange gas

A

through their gills

44
Q

what kind of circulatory system do crustaceans have

A

open

45
Q

describe reproduction in crustaceans

A

diecious (separate species)

46
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

47
Q

least to most inclusive

A

crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

48
Q

four groups in the crustacean side of pancrustaceans

A
  1. isopods
  2. Decapods
  3. Copepods
  4. Maxillopods
49
Q

Maxillopods

A

barnacles (mostly sessile crustaceans)

50
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Barnacles: Maxillopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecydsozoan: Eumetazoan: Metazoan

51
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Barnacles: Maxillopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecydsozoan: Eumetazoan: Metazoan

52
Q

describe the cuticle of Maxillopods

A

hardened into a shell of calcium carbonate

53
Q

copepods are _____ crustaceans

A

planktonic

54
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Copepods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

55
Q

least to most inclusive

A

pill bugs: Isopods: Crustaceans: pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

56
Q

least to most inclusive

A

decapods: Crustaceans: Pancrustaceans: Arthropods: Ecdysozoan: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: metazoa

57
Q

decapods include

A
  1. crab
  2. lobsters
  3. crayfish
  4. shrimp
58
Q

true or false
insects have some complex organ systems

A

TRUE

59
Q

hexapods

A

insects

60
Q

least to most inclusive

A

Hexapoda: Pancrustaceans: Arthropoda: Ecdysozoans: Bilateria: Eumetazoa: Metazoa

61
Q

is a hemocoel the same as a pseudocoelom

A

NO

62
Q

respiration in grasshoppers

A

tracheal tubes (external holes in the abdomen)

63
Q

the excretory organ in grasshoppers

A

Malpigihan tubules

64
Q

insects co-evolved with _____

A

plants

65
Q

typical reproduction in Hexapoda

A

sexual with separate males and females

66
Q

what is the basal lineage in Hexapoda

A

wingless insects

67
Q

what is the appearance of wings in Hexapoda

A

a apomorphy for the groups (derived)

68
Q

three patterns of postembryonic development in insects

A
  1. no metamorphosis
  2. metamorphosis without a pupa
  3. metamorphosis with a pupa
69
Q

what insect development is this
insects undergo TOTAL reorganization of internal and external anatomy through their life cycle

A

metamorphosis with a pupa

70
Q

what insect development is this
insects develop from nymphs that are NOT exact look-alikes of the parents

A

metamorphosis without a pupa

71
Q

what insect development is this
no dramatic change occurs in the insect body as it grows (young looks like the adults)

A

NO metamorphosis

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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