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Biology 1020 > Seedless Vascular plants > Flashcards

Seedless Vascular plants Flashcards

1
Q

the bryophyte plant gametophyte is _____

A

multicellular and the dominant stage in the life cycle

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2
Q

spores make _____

A

gametophytes

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3
Q

homospory

A

one spore always makes ONE gametophyte that has both egg and sperm

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4
Q

homospory gives rise to ______ plants

A

bisexual

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5
Q

example of homospory

A

ferns (phylum monilophyta)

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6
Q

heterospory

A

separate gametophyte makes different gametes

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7
Q

heterospory makes _____ plants

A

unicellular

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8
Q

what are the two different spores in heterospory

A
  1. microspores
  2. megaspores
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9
Q

microspores give rise to

A

microgametophyte

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10
Q

megaspores give rise to

A

megagametophyte

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11
Q

what gametophyte makes sperm

A

microgametophyte

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12
Q

what gametophyte makes eggs

A

megagametophyte

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13
Q

example of heterospory

A

selaginella = phylum lycophyta

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14
Q

what is the basal lineage in Kingdom Plantae

A

non-vascular (specifically lycophyta)

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15
Q

are seedless vascular plants a clade

A

NO - they are not monophyletic (share CA with seed plants)

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16
Q

what generation is dominant

A

sporophyte

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17
Q

Aglaophyton derived traits

A
  1. dominant sporophyte
  2. vascular tissue
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18
Q

Aglaophyton ancestral traits

A
  1. lack of proper roots
  2. lack of proper leaves
  3. dichotomous branching
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19
Q

ancient relative of present vascular plants

A

Aglaophyton

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20
Q

what makes up a seed

A

an embryo and its food supply surrounded by protetcive coat

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21
Q

is this a sporophyte or gametophyte

A

sporophyte

22
Q

the gametophyte in seedless vascular plants is ___________ (micro or macro) and _________ (same or separate) from the sporophyte

A

macroscopic and separate

23
Q

what is the reason for the gametophyte changing from nonvascular plants

A

reduction of gametophyte

24
Q

key term that reflects the lifecycle of ferns

A

prothallus

25
Q

the prothallus is the ______ in ______

A

gametophyte in ferns

26
Q

where are the archegonia located in fern gametophytes

A

near the neck

27
Q

where are the antheridium located in fern gametophytes

A

anywhere else on the gametophyte besides near the neck

28
Q

why do antheridia and archegonia mature at different times on the same plant

A

to prevent self fertilization

29
Q

is water still needed for the life cycle of ferns

30
Q

organ that increases the surface area of vascular plants

31
Q

two types of leaves

A
  1. microphylls
  2. megaphylls
32
Q

microphylls

A

leaves with a SINGLE vein

33
Q

megaphylls

A

leaves with highly BRANCHED vascular system

34
Q

hypothesis for microphyll evolution

A
  1. there is one vascular trace
  2. evolved from sporangia
35
Q

hypothesis for megaphyll evolution

A
  1. there are multiple vascular traces
  2. evolved from branches
36
Q

example of microphyll

A

Lycophyta (Selaginella)

37
Q

example of macrophyll

A

monilophyta

38
Q

_______ are modified leaves with sporangia

A

sporophylls

39
Q

____ are clusters of sporangia on the underside of sporophylls

40
Q

_______ are CONE-LIKE structures formed from groups of sporophyls

41
Q

examples of strobili

A
  1. lycophytes
  2. horsetails
  3. gymnosperms
42
Q

true or false
all sporophylls are leaves

43
Q

are all leaves sporophylls

44
Q

what is clustered under the sporophylls

A

sporangia called sori

45
Q

what are modified leaves with sporangia called

A

sporophylls

46
Q

what are cone-like structures that are formed from groups of sporophylls

47
Q

two clades of seedless vascular plants

A
  1. phylum Lycophyta
  2. phylum monilophyta
48
Q

most lycophytes are ______

A

epiphytes (grow on other plants)

49
Q

lycophytes are _____(micro or megaphylls)

A

microphylls

50
Q

Selaginella is phylum ______ and ______(hetero or homosporous)

A

Lycophyta and heterosporous

51
Q

Phylum

A

Lycophyta (Selaginella)

Biology 1020 (29 decks)

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