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Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) > Tumour pathology important genes etc. > Flashcards

Tumour pathology important genes etc. Flashcards

1
Q

what does the proto-oncogene sis code for?

A

the growth factor PDGF

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2
Q

how does the proto-oncogene sis become an oncogene?

A

overexpression

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3
Q

which cancers does the over expression of sis cause?

A

astrocytoma, osteosarcomma

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4
Q

what does the proto-oncogene erb-B2 code for?

A

Growth factor receptor: EGF-receptor family

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5
Q

how does the proto-oncogene erb-B2 become an oncogene?

A

amplification

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6
Q

which cancers are caused by the amplification of erb-B2 cause?

A

breast, ovarian, lung, stomach

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7
Q

what does the proto-oncogene ras code for?

A

signal transducers: GTP-binding

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8
Q

how does the proto-oncogene ras become an oncogene?

A

point mutation

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9
Q

which cancers are caused by a point mutation of the proto-oncogene ras?

A

lung, colon, pancreas, leukaemia

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10
Q

what does the proto-oncogene myc code for?

A

nuclear regulatory protein: transcriptional activators

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11
Q

what turns the proto-oncogene myc into an oncogene?

A

translocation

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12
Q

which cancers is caused by the translocation in the myc gene?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

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13
Q

what does the proto-oncogene cyclin D code for?

A

the cell cycle regulator cyclin

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14
Q

which cancers is caused by translocation of the proto-oncogene cyclin D?

A

mantle cell lymphoma

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15
Q

which cancers are caused by the amplification of the proto-oncogene cyclin-D?

A

breast, liver, oesophageal

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16
Q

what does the proto-oncogene CDK4 code for?

A

cell cycle regulators: cyclin dependent kinases

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17
Q

which cancers are causes by the amplification if the proto-oncogene CDK4 turning it into an oncogene?

A

melanoma, sarcoma

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18
Q

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene APC?

A

signal transduction

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19
Q

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the APC tumour suppressor gene?

A

gastric, colon, pancreas, melanoma

20
Q

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the APC tumour suppressor gene?

A

FAP colon cancer

21
Q

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene p53?

A

cell cycle/ apoptosis after DNA damage

22
Q

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the p53 gene?

A

most cancers

23
Q

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the p53 gene?

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome: causes multiple carcinomas and sarcomas

24
Q

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene Rb?

A

cell cycle regulation

25
Q

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the Rb gene?

A

retinoblastoma, colon, lung, breast carcinomas

26
Q

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the Rb gene?

A

retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

27
Q

what is the function of the tumour suppressor gene P16 (INK4a)?

A

inhibits CDK’s

28
Q

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the P16 (INK4a) gene?

A

pancreatic, oesophageal carcinomas

29
Q

which cancers are caused by a inherited mutation in the P16 (INK4a) gene?

A

malignant melanoma

30
Q

what is the purpose of the tumour suppressor genes BRCA-1 and BRCA-2?

A

DNA repair

31
Q

which cancers are caused by a somatic mutation in the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes?

A

none

32
Q

which cancers are caused by an inherited mutation in the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes?

A

breast and ovarian

33
Q

what is alpha-fetoprotein the tumour biomarker for?

A

teratoma of the testis and hepatocellular cancer

34
Q

what is carcino-embyonic antigen the tumour biomarker for?

A

colorectal cancer

35
Q

what is oestrogen receptor the tumour biomarker for?

A

breast cancer

36
Q

what is prostate specific antigen the tumour biomarker for?

A

prostate cancer

37
Q

what is the common site of metastases of breast cancer?

A

bone

38
Q

what is the common site of metastases of prostate cancer?

A

bone

39
Q

what is the common site of metastases of colorectal cancer?

A

liver

40
Q

what is the common site of metastases of ovarian cancer?

A

omentum

41
Q

what is Kras the tomour biomarker for?

A

colorectal cancer

42
Q

what is Braf the tumout biomarker for?

A

Melanoma

43
Q

what is EGFR the tumour biomarker for?

A

lung cancer

44
Q

what is PD-L1 the tumour biomarker for?

A

lung cancer

45
Q

what is Her2 the tumour biomarker for?

A

breast cancer, gastric cancer

46
Q

proto-oncogenes

A 
sis
erb-B2
myc
ras
cyclin D
CDK-4
47
Q

tumour supressor genes

A 
BRCA-1
BRCA-2
Rb
p53
APC
P16(INK4A)

Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) (46 decks)

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