chronic inflammation 2

Question 1

what characterises granulomatous inflammation

Answer 1

the presence of granulomas

Question 2

idiopathic disease

Answer 2

disease with no known cause

Question 3

what stimulates granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 3

an indigestible antigen

Question 4

what are granulomas ?

Answer 4

an aggregate of epithelioid macrophages also contain neutrophils and eosinophils.

Question 5

giant cells

Answer 5

a fusion of macrophages to form larger cells, so they have a large cytoplasm and many nuclei.

Question 6

what disease are langhans cells associated with

Answer 6

TB

Question 7

Langhans cell characteristics

Answer 7

peripheral rim of nuclei, large eosinophilic cytopasm

Question 8

infectious granulomatous diseases

Answer 8

tuberculosis
leprosy
syphilis

Question 9

non-infectious granulomatous diseaese

Answer 9

rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn’s disease
sarcoidosis- granulomas form in lungs

Question 10

sequence of events in wound healing

Answer 10

1. injury
2. blood clot
3. acute inflammation
4. fibrin
5. many growth factors and cytokines become involved
6. granulation tissue growth and angiogenesis
7. phagocytosis of fibrin
8. myofibroblasts move in and lay down collagen
9. scar contracts
10. re-epithelialisation

Question 11

healing by primary intention characteristics

Answer 11

minimal gap and small blood clot.
small amount of granulation tissue
small linear scar

Question 12

healing by secondary intention

Answer 12

lots of granulation tissue ingrowth. contraction of skin around wound and large amount of scarring.

Question 13

factors favouring wound healing and repair

Answer 13

• cleanliness
• apposition of edges (no haematoma)
• sound nutrition
• metabolic stability and normality
• normal inflammatory and coagulation mechanisms

Question 14

factors impairing wound healing

Answer 14

• dirty, gaping wound, large haematoma
• poorly nourished, lack of vitamins C, A
• abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes, corticosteroid therapy
• inhibition of angiogenesis

Question 15

angiogenesis function in healing

Answer 15

it enables blood supply to enter damaged tissue, bringing with it the essential cells, proteins and other components essential for healing.

Question 16

process of fracture healing

Answer 16

1. acute inflammation
2. organisation
3. granulation tissue formation containing osteoblasts
4. macrophages remove debris
5. osteoblasts lay down woven bone
6. the bone then undergoes remodelling- osteoclasts remove dead and woven bone and replace it with lamellar (sheet) bone forming cortical and trabecular bone in the right places.