classification of pathogenic bacteria 1 (gram positive)

Question 1

aerobic gram positive cocci

Answer 1

• staphylococci

- streptococci and enterococci

Question 2

the coagulase test

Answer 2

used to distinguish between staphylococci species

Question 3

coagulase positive bacteria

Answer 3

staph. aureus (which can come in methicillin sensitive and resistant strains)

Question 4

coagulase negative bacteria

Answer 4

s. epidermidis
s. haemolyticus
s. saprophyticus

Question 5

blood agar test

Answer 5

used to determine types of streptococci

Question 6

organism turns blood agar green

Answer 6

α-haemolytic streptococci (partial haemolysis)

Question 7

organism turns blood agar clear

Answer 7

β-­haemolytic streptococci (complete haemolysis)

Question 8

organism has no effect on blood agar colour

Answer 8

non-haemolytic streptococci

Question 9

α-­haemolytic

streptococci exaples

Answer 9

• streptococci pneumoniae

- Viridans streptococci

Question 10

diseases caused by streptococci pneumoniae

Answer 10

pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

Question 11

viridans streptococci infections

Answer 11

cause of infective endocarditis

Question 12

β-­haemolytic

streptococci groups

Answer 12

can be divided into groups A-G. the most clinically important are A, B, F and D.

Question 13

Group A β-haemolytic

streptococci example

Answer 13

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 14

streptococcus pyogenes diseases

Answer 14

pharyngitis, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis.

Question 15

pharyngitis

Answer 15

strepthrout, causes by streptococcus pyogenes

Question 16

group B streptococci examples

Answer 16

streptococci agalactiae

Question 17

streptococci agalactiae infections

Answer 17

• neonatal sepsis (meningitis and bacteraemia)

- invasive infections in adults who are normally older and have underlying factors

Question 18

group D streptococci

Answer 18

known as enterococcus spp.

Question 19

enterococcus spp. examples

Answer 19

• enterococcus faecalis

- enterococcus faecium

Question 20

diseases that enterococcus spp. casuse

Answer 20

urinary stract infections, infective endocarditis

Question 21

gram positive bacilli groups

Answer 21

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 22

anaerobic gram positive bacilli examples

Answer 22

• clostridium difficile
• clostridium perfringens
• clostridium tetani

Question 23

clostridium difficile

Answer 23

difficult to culture

causes diarrhoea, associated with toxin production and is potentially fatal.

Question 24

commensal

Answer 24

organism normally found in the body, part of the body’s natural microflora

Question 25

clostridium perfringes

Answer 25

found in soil and is a normal commensal in gut. Can cause gastroenteritis when it is ingested in infected food

Question 26

clostridium tetani

Answer 26

produces a toxin which causes uncontrolled muscle spasms.