Antimicrobial chemotherapy side affects of common agents Flashcards
which organims is benzyl penicillin used against?
gram positive, eg pneumococcal, miningococcal, and strep. pyogenes infections
how is benzyl penicillin administered?
IV
amoxicillin and ampicillin
treats gram negative infections, also treats streptococci, enterococcal and some coliforms
mode of administration for amoxicillin and ampicillin
oral absorption
what does co-amoxiclav treat?
normal range for amoxicillin (gram negative, streptococci and some coliforms) plus β-lactamase producing coliforms
what does flucloxacillin treat?
staphylococcal infections as is resistant to staph. β-lactamase action.
what does Piperacillin treat?
extended gram negative cover, also acts against enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas also has anti-anaerobic activity.
imipenem and meropenem
active against most bacteria, including anaerobes
which organisms do cephalosporins act against?
gram negative and gram positive
1st generation cephalosporin
cephradine
2nd generation cephalosporin
cefuroxime
3rd generation cephalosporin
ceftriaxone and ceftazidime
how does action against gram negative organisms change with increasing generations of cephalosporins?
activity increases
how does action against gram positive organisms change with increasing generations of cephalosporins?
activity decreases
which species can ceftazidime act against that other cephalosprorins can’t?
pseudomonas species
which oganisms are aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, used against?
act against gram negative organisms including pseudomonas. also acts against most staphylococci but not streptococci?
how are aminoglycosides administered?
parenterally
which organisms do glycopeptides such as vancomysin and teicoplanin act against?
only gram positive
how are glycopeptides adiministered?
parenterally
which organisms do macrolides such as clarithromycin and erythromycin act against?
mainly gram positive and organisms causing atypical pneumonia
what is the macrolide azithromycin used for?
used against single dose treatment of chlamydia
which organisms do quinolones act against?
acts against nearly all gram negative organisms
first generation quinolone
nalidixic acid
second generation quinolone
ciprofloxacin
third generation quinolone
levofloxacin
what does metronidazole act against?
effective against anaerobes both gram positive and negative
what does fusidic acid act against?
only acts against staphylococcal drug, useful against staphylococcal osteomyelitis and pneumonia
what is trimethoprim used to treat?
urinary tract infections
what is co-trimoxazole?
a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
what is co-trimoxazole used to treat?
chest infections, as does not cause clostridium infections
what are tetracyclines used to treat and who should they not be given to?
used in chlamydia infections of the genital tract. should not be given to pregnant women and children under 12.
which organisms does clindamycin act on?
gram positive organisms also has good action against anaerobes.
what is nalidixic acid used to treat?
urinary tract infections caused by coliforms
what is nitrofurantoin used to treat?
urinary tract infections caused by gram negative (except proteus and pseudomonas) and some gram positive organisms
what is linezoid used to treat?
MRSA
which organisms does daptomycin act against?
gram positive only
what is fidaxomicin used to treat?
C. difficile infections
