Pathogens and the host Flashcards
pathogenic bacteria
bacteria capable of causing disease.
signs and symptoms of clinical infection
- inflammation
- pain
- pyrexia
- tachycardia
- rigors
- increased white cell count
- increased C reactive protein (CRP)
pyrexia
high temp.
tachycardia
heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
rigors
sudden feeling of cold, increased temperature, sweating and shivering
pathogen
organism that can cause disease.
commensal
organism which is part of the normal body flora.
requirements for pathogenicity
infectivity
virulence
infectivity
ability to become established
virulence
ability to cause harmful effects once established
methods to increase infectivity
- attachment
- acid resistance
virulence factors
- invasiveness
- toxin production
- evasion of immune system
invasiveness example: streptococcus pyogenes
- necrotising fasciitis
- cellulitis
- connective tissue breakdown
- fibrinolysis
types of toxins produced by pathogens
exotoxins
enterotoxins
endotoxins
exotoxins
released extracellularly by the micro-organism.
enterotoxin
act on the GI tract
endotoxin
structurally part of the gram negative cell wall
tetanus
caused by clostridium tetani, exotoxin released acts on nerve synapse and causes the inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmitter release.
tetanus treatment
debridement (removal of dead/infected tissue), antibiotics and antitoxin