acute inflammation 1

Question 1

acute inflammation

Answer 1

series of protective changes occurring in living tissue of higher organisms as a response to injury. The function of these changes is to produce a fundamental response that maintains the integrity of the organism.

Question 2

cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 2

rubor
calor
tumor
dolor
loss of function

Question 3

rubor

Answer 3

redness

Question 4

calor

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

tumor

Answer 5

swelling

Question 6

dolor

Answer 6

pain

Question 7

why there is loss of function with inflammation.

Answer 7

prevents any more damage to area injured.

Question 8

aetiology

Answer 8

what causes a disease

Question 9

aetiology of acute inflammation

Answer 9

microorganisms
mechanical
chemical
physical
dead tissue
hypersensitivity

Question 10

microorganisms causing acute inflammation

Answer 10

bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites. These all cause infection.

Question 11

mechanical causes of acute inflammation

Answer 11

all trauma even if sterile will cause acute inflammation.

Question 12

chemical causes of acute inflammation

Answer 12

acid or alkali will upset pH

bile and urine will cause irritation when in the wrong place.

Question 13

physical causes of acute inflammation

Answer 13

caused by extreme conditions.
eg. 
heat-sunburn
cold-frostbite
ionising radiation

Question 14

dead tissue causing acute inflammation

Answer 14

cell necrosis irritates adjacent tissue

Question 15

how does hypersensitivity cause acute inflammation?

Answer 15

it initiates an exaggerated immune response

Question 16

benefits of acute inflammation

Answer 16

• rapid response to non-specific insult.
• cardinal signs and loss of function provide transient protection of inflammed area.
• allows neutrophils access area to provide an immune response.

Question 17

steps in acute inflammation

Answer 17

• changes in vessel radius which causes changes in flow
• change in the permeability of the vessel wall; exudation
• movement of the neutrophils from the vessel to the extra vascular space.

Question 18

local changes in vessel radius and blood flow

Answer 18

1. transient arteriolar constriction
2. local ateriolar dilatation
3. relaxation of vessel smooth muscle

Question 19

exudation

Answer 19

net movement of plasma from capillaries to extravascular space

Question 20

proteins in exudate

Answer 20

fibrinogen and immunoglobulin

Question 21

oedema

Answer 21

accumulation of fluid in the extravascular space

Question 22

change in laminar flow during inflammation

Answer 22

normally the WBCs flow in the centre of the blood vessels as they are the biggest, the RBCs flow on the outside. However during inflammation the RBCs group together to for rouleaux so they are found in the centre and the WBCs flow is marginated.

Question 23

phases of emigration of neutrophils

Answer 23

margination- neutrophils move to endothelial aspect of lumen

pavementing- neutrophils adhere to endothelium

Question 24

emigration

Answer 24

neutrophils squeeze between endothelial cells (active process) to extravascular tissues.