Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) > Tumour pathology 5 > Flashcards

Tumour pathology 5 Flashcards

1
Q

types of tumour-suppressor genes

A
  • Genes negatively regulating mitosis - Rb
  • Genes regulating apoptosis
  • Genes regulating DNA repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors that cause carcinogenesis

A
  • geographic and environmental factors
  • age
  • heredity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how can pRb be altered to cause increased cell proliferation?

A
  • mutation directly to Rb gene

- mutation to genes that control pRb phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of mutations to genes that control Rb phosphorylation

A
  • Mutational activation of cyclin D or CDK4

- Mutational inactivation of CDKIs also drive proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes the inherited form of retinoblastoma?

A
  • one defective inherited copy of pRb

- somatic point mutation of other copy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes the sporadic form of retinoblastoma?

A

both hits occur in a single cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

examples of inherited cancer syndromes?

A
  • familial retinoblastoma
  • familial adenomatous polyposis of colon
  • multiple endocrine neoplasia
  • neurofibromatosis
  • Von Hippel-lindau Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inherited cancer syndrome characteristics

A
  • autosomal dominant inheritance of a single mutant gene

- strong family history of uncommon site-specific cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

familial cancer syndrome characteristics

A
  • family clustering of cancers but INDIVIDUAL PREDISPOSITION UNCLEAR
  • multifactorial inheritance
  • early age of onset
  • multiple / bilateral tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of familial cancers

A
  • Some Breast cancers
  • Some Ovarian cancers
  • Non-FAP colon cancers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of anti-oncogenes and there function

A 
APC- signal transduction
p53- cell cycle/apoptosis after DNA damage
Rb- cell cycle regulation
p16- inhibits CDK's
BRCA-1 and 2- DNA repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cancers causes by somatic and inherited mutation of APC

A

somatic- gastric, colon, pancreas, melanoma

inherited mutation- FAP colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cancers causes by somatic and inherited mutation of p53

A

somatic - most cancers

inherited mutation- Li-Fraumeni syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cancers causes by somatic and inherited mutation of Rb

A

somatic- retinoblastoma, colon, lung, breast carcinomas

inherited- retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cancers causes by somatic and inherited mutation of p16

A

somatic- pancreatic, oesophageal carcinomas

inherited- malignant melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cancers causes by somatic and inherited mutation of BRCA1 and 2

A

somatic- N/A

inherited- breast and ovarian

17
Q

what types of proteins do oncogenes code for

A
  • growth factors
  • growth factor receptors
  • proteins involved in signal transduction
  • nuclear regulatory proteins
  • cell cycle regulators
18
Q

how proto-oncogenes can be activated to form oncogenes

A
  • point mutation
  • chromosome rearrangements and translocations
  • gene amplification
  • overexpression
19
Q

example of oncogenes that code for growth factors

A

sis- PDGF

overexpression causes astrocytoma and osteosarcoma

20
Q

example of oncogenes that code for growth factor receptors

A

erb-B2 - EDF receptor family

amplification causes breast, ovarian, lung and stomach cancer

21
Q

example of oncogenes that code for signal trasducers

A

ras-GTP

point mutation causes lung, colon, pancreas, leukaemia

22
Q

example of oncogenes that code for nuclear regulatory proteins

A

myc-transcriptional activators

translocation causes Burkitt lymphoma

23
Q

example of oncogenes that code for cell cycle regulators

A

-cyclin D
translocation causes mantle cell lymphoma
amplification causes breast, liver, oesophageal

-CDK4
amplification causes melanoma and sarcoma

24
Q

how recombination produces cancer

A

produces chimeric proteins (two proteins joined together)

25
Q

how viruses cause cancer

A
  • insert an oncogene (retroviruses)
  • inserts viral DNA near proto-oncogene producing an oncogene
  • inserts viral promoter or other transcription regulator that cause proto-oncogene over-expression

Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions