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Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) > antibiotics > Flashcards

antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

what does benzyl penicillin treat and how is it administered?

A

mostly gram positive

  • strep. pneumoniae
  • strep. pyogenes

some gram negative
-neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

what do amoxicillin and ampicillin treat and how are they administered?

A

gram negative coliforms (that don’t produce beta lactamase)
gram positives
-streptococci
-enterococci

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3
Q

what does co-amoxiclav treat?

A

same as amoxicillin but in addition it treats beta lactamase producing coliforms

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4
Q

what does flucloxicillin treat?

A

staphylococcus infections

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5
Q

what does piperacillin treat?

A

extended gram negative cover (broad spectrum)

useful for treating:

  • pseudomonas spp.
  • enterococcus faecalis
  • anaerobes
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6
Q

what is pip/taz?

A

a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam to provide beta lactamase producung organisms cover

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7
Q

what do the carbapenems treat?

A

broad spectrum including anaerobes

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8
Q

what do the cephalosporins treat?

A

both gram negative and positive
positive action decreases with increasing generations
negative action increases with increasing generations

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9
Q

what generation cephalosporin is cephradime and what is it good at treating?

A

1st gen,

good at treating gram positive

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10
Q

what generation cephalosporin is cefuroxime and what is it good at treating?

A

2nd gen.

average for both negative and positive

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11
Q

what generation cephalosporin is ceftriaxone and what is it good at treating?

A

3rd gen.

good at treating gram negative

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12
Q

what generation cephalosporin is ceftazidime and what is it good at treating?

A

3rd. gen
good at treating gram negative
also has activity against pseudomonas spp

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13
Q

why must care be taken when prescribing ceftazidime?

A

it is a cephalosporin so can cause C. Difficile infections

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14
Q

what is vancomycin used to treat and how is it administered?

A

gram positive only
treats MRSA and C. Difficile
given orally and IV

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15
Q

what is teicoplanin used to treat and how is it administered?

A

gram positive only.

given parenterally

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16
Q

what is gentamicin used to treat and how is it administered?

A

mostly gram negative
inc. pseudomonas and coliforms
also staph. (not strep. though)
given parenterally

17
Q

what is azithromycin used to treat?

A

single dose chlamydia treatment

18
Q

what are clarithromycin and erythromycin used to treat?

A 
mainly gram positive
also organisms causing atypical pneumonia 
eg. chlamydia psittacci
coxiella burnetti
mycoplasma pneumonia
legionella pneumophillia
19
Q

what do linezolid and daptomycin treat?

A

MRSA

20
Q

what does clindamycin treat?

A

grams positive: strep and staph

21
Q

why must care be taken when prescribing clindamycin?

A

it can cause pseudomembranous colitis which is associated with a C. Diff infection

22
Q

what is fusidic acid used to treat?

A

staphylococcus, used along with fluclox.

23
Q

what are the tetracyclins used to treat?

A

broad spectrum

24
Q

what is trimethoprim used to treat on its own?

A

UTIs

25
Q

what are trimethoprim and sulphamothaxozole used to treat when they are combined?

A

chest infections

26
Q

what is ciprofloxacin used to treat?

A

gram negative

can treat pseudomonas infections aswell

27
Q

what is levofloxacin used to treat?

A

Gram negative and also has action against strep. pneumoniae so can be used for chest infections

28
Q

what is nalidixic acid used to treat?

A

UTIs

29
Q

what is metronidazole used to treat?

A

anaerobes

including C. Diff and bacteriodes

30
Q

what is nitrofurantoin used to treat?

A

UTIs caused by gram negative, excluding proteus and pseudomonas

31
Q

what is fidoxamicin used to treat?

A

C. Difficile

32
Q

what are the general side effects of beta lactams

A

thrush, allergic reactions, encephalopathy and convulsions

33
Q

what are the side effects of vancomycin?

A

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
skin rashes

34
Q

what are the side effects of gentamicin?

A

ototoxicity and renal toxicity

35
Q

what are the side effects of linezolid?

A

bone marrow suppression and lowering platelet count

36
Q

why must car be taken when prescribing ciprofloxacin?

A

it can cause C. Diff

37
Q

which organ is flucloxacillin toxic to?

A

liver

38
Q

what are the side effects of trimethoprim?

A

haematological toxicity

39
Q

which drugs cause reversible peripheral neuropathy?

A

metronidazole and nitrofurantoin

Principles of disease (Ross Lilley) (46 decks)

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